Rev. Cadernos de Campo, Araraquara, v. 24, n. esp. 1, e024010, 2024. e-ISSN: 2359-2419
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47284/cdc.v24iesp.1.18515 8
are made to preto-velhos, caboclos, Iemanjá, etc., but when we ask our
informants if these are the same as those found in Umbanda and Candomblé,
they emphatically highlight that they are not merely similar in appearance but
are different—beings of light, spiritually evolved, here to perform charity. In
this sense, we find the incorporation of Kardecist Spiritism as a fundamental
element in cementing syncretic (hybrid) practices, as it refers to a mediatory
religion, close to the practices of Afro-Brazilian cults due to its possession
rituals, yet symbolically distant as a religion of white and literate individuals
(Oliveira, 2011, p. 81, our translation).
New Age interacts with African spiritual entities in religions such as Umbanda,
Barquinha, and Vale do Amanhecer:
When we draw attention to the interaction between elements of Afro-Brazilian
cults and the New Age, whose emblematic expressions can be found in
movements like Vale do Amanhecer, Santo Daime, Barquinha, Mystic
Umbanda, Umbandaime, etc., we might risk referring to merely a “stylized
Umbanda” or even a “white Umbanda.” Considering that, as Ortiz (1999)
points out, Umbanda itself emerged from a process of “whitening” Afro-
Brazilian cults, incorporating various elements into these cults, especially
elements from Kardecist Spiritism (Oliveira, 2014, p. 175, our translation).
The Intercontinental Rites of Vale do Amanhecer
Hybridism, multiculturalism, and the New Age, associated with Brazilian colonization,
provide an explanation for the ritualistic configuration of Vale do Amanhecer, which reflects
the formation of an identity. It is an ethnic melting pot forged from the diversity of Portuguese
(Roman, Iberian, Muslim, and African), Indigenous, and African elements. By analyzing the
rituals of Vale do Amanhecer, we observe fragments from various religions across European,
American, African, and Asian continents. In this sense, we will examine the rituals of Healing,
Throne, Induction, and Sudálio.
The founder of Vale do Amanhecer, Neiva Chavez Zelaya, known as Tia Neiva, created
Vale do Amanhecer as a Christian spiritualist religion based on visions she received from a
spiritual entity called Pai Seta Branca. The origin of Vale do Amanhecer’s principal entity
clearly reflects intercontinental hybridism. Pai Seta Branca was an Indigenous person from the
Bolivian highlands who is said to have lived in the 17th century and to be the reincarnation of
Saint Francis of Assisi (Álvares, 1991). This demonstrates the hybridism of an element from
European Catholicism with another element from Indigenous American culture.
The intercontinental hybridism of Vale do Amanhecer is also evidenced by the
integration of entities from other religions into its rituals. This phenomenon includes the
incorporation of entities from Afro-Brazilian cults such as Juremas, Caboclos, Pretos Velhos,