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DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação
Brazilian Journal of Educational Psychology
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM TEMPOS ALGORÍTMICOS:
IMPLICAÇÕES ÉTICAS DO USO DA INTELIGÊNCIA
ARTIFICIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA À LUZ DA
RESOLUÇÃO CNE/CP N° 4/2024
FORMACIÓN DOCENTE EN TIEMPOS ALGORÍTMICOS:
IMPLICACIONES ÉTICAS DEL USO DE LA INTELIGENCIA
ARTIFICIAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA A LA LUZ DE LA
RESOLUCIÓN CNE
/
CP N° 4
/
2024
TEACHER EDUCATION IN ALGORITHMIC TIMES: ETHICAL
IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USE IN DISTANCE
EDUCATION IN LIGHT OF RESOLUTION CNE
/
CP NO. 4
/
2024
Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO ¹

Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA ²

Como referenciar este argo:
-

Doxa: Rev. Bras. Psico. e Educ., 26

Submedo em:
Revisões requeridas em: 
Aprovado em: 
Publicado em:
RESUMO:




-


 -

    
      -


PALAVRAS-CHAVE: 

     
    

      


   
      



       





2
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação,
Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025.
e-ISSN: 2594-8385
RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objevo analizar las implicaciones
écas del uso de la Inteligencia Arcial (IA) en la formación docente
en cursos de Educación a Distancia, a la luz de la Resolución CNE/CP n.º
4/2024. Mediante una invesgación cualitava, de base bibliográca y do-
cumental, se evidencia que la adopción acríca de recursos como tutoría
automazada, plataformas adaptavas y correctores algorítmicos com-
promete principios formavos esenciales: mediación humana calicada,
arculación entre teoría y prácca, y evaluación dialógica. Los resultados
señalan riesgos de despersonalización pedagógica, profundización de las
desigualdades educavas y vaciamiento de la dimensión éco-relacional
de la docencia, en desacuerdo con las directrices de la Resolución. Se con-
cluye que la IA debe operar como tecnología subsidiaria, ampliando, y no
sustuyendo, la mediación humana, con base en la transparencia algorít-
mica y el compromiso con la emancipación formava.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Procesos formavos. Sistemas generavos. Docencia virtual.
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the ethical implicaons of the
use of Arcial Intelligence (AI) in teacher educaon within Distance
Educaon programs, based on Resoluon CNE/CP No. 4/2024. Through
qualitave research of bibliographic and documentary nature, it is evi-
denced that the uncrical adopon of resources such as automated tuto-
ring, adapve plaorms, and algorithmic assessment tools undermines
essenal formave principles: qualied human mediaon, arculaon
between theory and pracce, and dialogical evaluaon. The results point
to risks of pedagogical depersonalizaon, deepening of educaonal ine-
qualies, and weakening of the ethical-relaonal dimension of teaching,
in disagreement with the Resoluon’s guidelines. It is concluded that ge-
nerave systems should funcon as a subsidiary technology, expanding,
not replacing, human mediaon, grounded in algorithmic transparency
and a commitment to formave emancipaon.
KEYWORDS: Formave processes. Generave systems. Virtual teaching.
Argo submedo ao sistema de similaridade
Editor:
Editor Adjunto Execuvo: 
Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
3
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
INTRODUÇÃO
-
-





          
-

-




Learning Management
System

-
-




-

-



-


-

Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
4
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
-

          


 corpus       


-
          


-






-

-


A formação de professores em ambiente virtual: regulação, mediação humana e
novas tecnologias



        


-


Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
5
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385




-

-

          
 
 
      





-


Gráco 1


-

Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
6
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385


-








-


-




-


-



-


-



  

Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
7
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385


-
-



-
-

Gráco 2








-




Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
8
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
-


-
-






-

-
-



     -






A Inteligência Artificial na formação docente: riscos éticos, despersonalização e
potências pedagógicas
-
-
-



-

Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
9
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
-


-
chatbots






    

-

    

 

-


-


-

        

-
-


Pesquisadores, professores e estudantes devem adotar uma visão críca em relação às
orientações de valores, padrões culturais e costumes sociais incorporados nos mode-
los de treinamento da IA generava. Formuladores de polícas públicas devem estar
Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
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DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
atentos e tomar medidas para enfrentar o agravamento das desigualdades causadas
pelo crescente abismo no acesso ao treinamento e controle dos modelos de IA genera-
va […] além disso, apesar de haver apelos por regulamentação por parte da própria in-
dústria de IA, a elaboração de legislações voltadas à criação e ao uso da IA incluindo
a IA generava frequentemente ca atrás do ritmo acelerado de desenvolvimento
tecnológico. Isso ajuda a explicar os desaos enfrentados por agências nacionais ou
locais para compreender e governar as questões legais e écas envolvidas. Embora a
IA generava possa aumentar as capacidades humanas na realização de certas tare-
fas, há controle democráco limitado sobre as empresas que a promovem. Isso levanta
questões sobre a necessidade de regulamentações, especialmente no que diz respeito
ao acesso e uso de dados nacionais, incluindo dados sobre instuições e indivíduos lo-
cais, bem como dados gerados no território de cada país. É necessário que se desenvol-
va uma legislação apropriada, de modo que agências governamentais locais possam
obter algum controle sobre as ondas crescentes da IA generava, assegurando assim a
governança desse recurso como um bem público (Unesco, 2023, p. 14, tradução minha).




-

-




-


-


       


Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
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DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
-

-


-


-



-


-

-
-




-
-

a IA generava depende de enormes quandades de dados e de massivo poder com-
putacional, além de suas inovações iteravas em arquiteturas de IA e métodos de trei-
namento, recursos que estão disponíveis, em sua maioria, apenas para as maiores em-
presas internacionais de tecnologia e algumas poucas economias (principalmente os
Estados Unidos, a República Popular da China e, em menor grau, a Europa).Isso signi-
ca que a capacidade de criar e controlar a IA generava está fora do alcance da maioria
das empresas e países, especialmente aqueles situados no Sul Global. À medida que o
acesso a dados se torna cada vez mais essencial para o desenvolvimento econômico
dos países e para as oportunidades digitais dos indivíduos, aqueles países e populações
que não têm acesso ou não podem pagar por dados sucientes se encontram em uma
Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
12
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
situação de pobreza de dados. A situação é semelhante no que diz respeito ao acesso
ao poder computacional. A rápida disseminação da IA generava em países e regiões
tecnologicamente avançadas acelerou exponencialmente a geração e o processamento
de dados, e, ao mesmo tempo, intensicou a concentração da riqueza em IA no Norte
Global. Como consequência imediata, as regiões pobres em dados foram ainda mais
excluídas e estão sob o risco de longo prazo de serem colonizadas pelos padrões incor-
porados nos modelos GPT. Os modelos atuais do ChatGPT são treinados com dados de
usuários da internet que reetem os valores e normas do Norte Global, o que os torna
inadequados para algoritmos de IA que sejam localmente relevantes em comunidades
pobres em dados em várias partes do Sul Global, ou mesmo em comunidades mais
desfavorecidas dentro do próprio Norte Global (Unesco, 2023, p. 14, tradução minha).
-



           





-


-





-

-



Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
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10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
-


-

-



   
-




-
-
 


-


      -





-







Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
14
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
-

CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
       

-

-





    

-
-


-
-





-






-

Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
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10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385


-

-




-









 

-


-

Formação docente em tempos algorítmicos: implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial na educação
a distância à luz da resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024
16
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
REFERÊNCIAS
Modernidade líquida
Resolução CNE/CP nº 4, de 29 de maio de 2024




Resumo técnico do Censo da Educação Superior 2022


Censo Escolar da Educação Básica 2022: notas estascas


Pedagogia da autonomia: saberes necessários à práca educava

Educação e tecnologias: o novo ritmo da informação
Technology and Culture,
27
Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of educaon

 25 years of ed tech
Big data in educaon: The digital future of learning, policy and
pracce. SAGE.
Orientações para a inteligência arcial generava na educação e na
pesquisa

Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
17
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
CRediT Author Statement
Reconhecimentos: 
Financiamento: 
Conitos de interesse: 
Aprovação éca:
Disponibilidade de dados e material: Sim.
Contribuições dos autores: -

Processamento e edição: Editora Ibero-Americana de Educação.

1
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação
Brazilian Journal of Educational Psychology
TEACHER EDUCATION IN ALGORITHMIC
TIMES: ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE USE IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN
LIGHT OF RESOLUTION CNE/CP NO. 4/2024
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM TEMPOS ALGORÍTMICOS:
IMPLICAÇÕES ÉTICAS DO USO DA INTELIGÊNCIA
ARTIFICIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA À LUZ DA
RESOLUÇÃO CNE
/
CP N° 4
/
2024
FORMACIÓN DOCENTE EN TIEMPOS ALGORÍTMICOS:
IMPLICACIONES ÉTICAS DEL USO DE LA INTELIGENCIA
ARTIFICIAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA A LA LUZ DE LA
RESOLUCIÓN CNE
/
CP N° 4
/
2024
Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO ¹

Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA ²

How to reference this paper:


Doxa: Rev. Bras. Psico. e Educ., 26

Submied:
Revisions required: 
Approved: 
Published:
ABSTRACT:
         




   







KEYWORDS: 
     
    

      


   
      



       





2
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação,
Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025.
e-ISSN: 2594-8385
RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objevo analisar as implicações écas do
uso da Inteligência Arcial na formação docente em cursos de Educação
a Distância, à luz da Resolução CNE/CP n.º 4/2024. Por meio de pesquisa
qualitava, de base bibliográca e documental, evidencia-se que a adoção
acríca de recursos como tutoria automazada, plataformas adaptavas
e corretores algorítmicos compromete princípios formavos essenciais:
mediação humana qualicada, arculação entre teoria e práca e avalia-
ção dialógica. Os resultados apontam riscos de despersonalização peda-
gógica, aprofundamento das desigualdades educacionais e esvaziamento
da dimensão éco-relacional da docência, em desacordo com as diretri-
zes da Resolução. Conclui-se que os sistemas generavos devem operar
como tecnologia subsidiária, expandindo, e não substuindo, a mediação
humana, com base na transparência algorítmica e no compromisso com a
emancipação formava.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Processos formavos. Sistemas generavos. Docência
virtual. Implicações deontológicas.
RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objevo analizar las implicaciones
écas del uso de la Inteligencia Arcial (IA) en la formación docente
en cursos de Educación a Distancia, a la luz de la Resolución CNE/CP n.º
4/2024. Mediante una invesgación cualitava, de base bibliográca y do-
cumental, se evidencia que la adopción acríca de recursos como tutoría
automazada, plataformas adaptavas y correctores algorítmicos com-
promete principios formavos esenciales: mediación humana calicada,
arculación entre teoría y prácca, y evaluación dialógica. Los resultados
señalan riesgos de despersonalización pedagógica, profundización de las
desigualdades educavas y vaciamiento de la dimensión éco-relacional
de la docencia, en desacuerdo con las directrices de la Resolución. Se con-
cluye que la IA debe operar como tecnología subsidiaria, ampliando, y no
sustuyendo, la mediación humana, con base en la transparencia algorít-
mica y el compromiso con la emancipación formava.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Procesos formavos. Sistemas generavos. Docencia virtual.
Arcle submied to the similarity system
Editor:
Deputy Execuve Editor: 
Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
3
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
INTRODUCTION


         
    





  

       





















         


in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
4
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385

           



















Teacher education in virtual environments: regulation, human mediation, and
new technologies
          










         
Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
5
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
















Graph 1
Census





           



in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
6
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385





 
     




  




 


















Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
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10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385



Graph 2

Census

       







    








in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
8
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385



 
      

          











Artificial intelligence in teacher education: ethical risks, depersonalization, and
pedagogical potentials















Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
9
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385









     



     






            

Researchers, teachers, and students must adopt a crical perspecve regarding the
value orientaons, cultural norms, and social pracces embedded in generave AI trai-
ning models. Public policy makers must remain vigilant and take measures to address
the exacerbaon of inequalies caused by the widening gap in access to training and
control of generave AI models Moreover, despite calls for regulaon from within
the AI industry itself, the development of legislaon aimed at the creaon and use of
AI—including generave AI—frequently lags behind the rapid pace of technological ad-
vancement. This helps explain the challenges faced by naonal or local agencies in un-
derstanding and governing the legal and ethical issues involved. Although generave AI
can enhance human capacies in performing certain tasks, there is limited democrac
control over the companies that develop it. This raises quesons regarding the need for
regulaon, parcularly concerning access to and use of naonal data, including data on
local instuons and individuals, as well as data generated within each countrys ter-
ritory. Appropriate legislaon must be developed so that local governmental agencies

in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
10
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
can exert some control over the growing waves of generave AI, thereby ensuring go-
vernance of this resource as a public good (Unesco, 2023, p. 14).





















            





         
        
 

      


Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
11
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385











Generave AI depends on enormous amounts of data and massive computaonal po-
wer, in addion to its iterave innovaons in AI architectures and training methods—
resources that are largely available only to the largest internaonal technology com-
panies and a few select economies (primarily the United States, the People’s Republic
of China, and, to a lesser extent, Europe). This means that the capacity to create and
control generave AI is beyond the reach of most companies and countries, especially
those located in the Global South. As access to data becomes increasingly essenal for
countries’ economic development and individuals’ digital opportunies, those countries
and populaons without access to, or unable to aord, sucient data nd themsel-
ves in a situaon of data poverty. The situaon is similar regarding access to compu-
taonal power. The rapid disseminaon of generave AI in technologically advanced
countries and regions has exponenally accelerated data generaon and processing,
while simultaneously intensifying the concentraon of AI wealth in the Global North.
As an immediate consequence, data-poor regions have been further excluded and face
a long-term risk of being colonized by the paerns embedded in GPT models. Current
ChatGPT models are trained with internet user data that reect the values and norms
of the Global North, rendering them unsuitable for AI algorithms that are locally rele-
vant in data-poor communies across the Global South, or even in more disadvantaged
communies within the Global North itself (Unesco, 2023, p. 14).

    


           

in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
12
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385






          















   








       





Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
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10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385

 
      


















FINAL CONSIDERATIONS




   








in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
14
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385






      


  





             




         



           



             




              


Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
15
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385











in light of resolution CNE/CP no. 4/2024
16
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
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


Resumo técnico do Censo da Educação Superior 2022


Censo Escolar da Educação Básica 2022: notas estascas


Pedagogia da autonomia: saberes necessários à práca educava
Educação e tecnologias: o novo ritmo da informação
Technology and Culture,
27
Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of educaon
 25 years of ed tech
Big data in educaon: The digital future of learning, policy and
pracce. SAGE.
Orientações para a inteligência arcial generava na educação e na
pesquisa

Angela Maria dos Santos RUFINO & Luiz Antonio Gomes SENNA
17
10.30715/doxa.v26i00.20370
DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia da Educação, Araraquara, v. 26, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2594-8385
CRediT Author Statement
Acknowledgements: None.
Funding: None.
Conicts of interest: None.
Ethical approval: 
Data and material availability: Yes.
Authors’ contribuons:

Processing and eding: Editora Ibero-Americana de Educação
