FORMANDO UMA COMPETÊNCIA PROFISSIONALMENTE ORIENTADA EM CHINÊS EM ESTUDANTES DE PROFISSÕES NÃO LINGUÍSTICAS


FORMACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS EN IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS CON ORIENTACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN ESTUDIANTES APRENDIENDO ESPECIALIDADES NO LINGÜÍSTICAS


FORMATION OF PROFESSION-ORIENTED CHINESE LANGUAGE COMPETENCY IN NON-LANGUAGE MAJOR STUDENTS


Gaukhar SEITOVA1 Klara KUNAKOVA2

Raushan JELDYBAYEVA3 Zhazira TURSYNALI4


RESUMO: O artigo sugere algumas orientações de ensino para formar uma competência profissionalmente orientada em chinês para estudantes de profissões não relacionadas a idiomas, usando a análise e as recomendações, as técnicas metodológicas disponíveis para ensinar chinês, como uma abordagem baseada em competências e os tipos das atividades de discurso durante as aulas presenciais práticas, um inquérito por questionário entre estudantes de profissões não linguísticas para que as expectações individuais e as necessidades relacionadas a línguas estrangeiras sejam identificadas. Consequentemente, foram desenvolvidas as recomendações metódicas para aumentar a eficácia de formação em chinês em estudantes de profissões não relacionadas a idiomas. O mínimo terminológico por profissões é introduzido intensamente, são empregados os métodos de ensino baseados em línguas nativas. Os métodos pedagógicos elaborados habilitam os estudantes de profissões não linguísticas a formar uma competência profissional em chinês do nível А2.


PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação baseada na competência. Competência orientada para a profissão. Não-linguagem principal. Segunda língua estrangeira. Consciência linguística.


RESUMEN: Aquí se considera la formación de la competencia en el idioma chino con orientación profesional entre estudiantes que aprenden especialidades no lingüísticas. Se considera el problema con la ayuda de análisis y recomendaciones, procedimientos metódicos de enseñar chino, tales como el enfoque de competencias y los tipos de actividad oral usados en estudios prácticos en el aula, así como por encuestas cuestionarias de estudiantes, que aprenden especialidades no lingüísticas, para identificar sus necesidades en el aprendizaje de idiomas extranjeros. La invetigación resulta en las recomendaciones


image

1 Universidade de Relações Internacionais e Linguagens Mundiais Kazakh Ablai Khan (ABLAIKHAN), Almaty


image

image


complement; in Chinese “我会说中文is the subject, is the verb, and 中文 is the complement. Also, the subject and the verb in Chinese are related to each other only by the order and Chinese does not have tenses using special indicators like , and for the past tense.

Differences between the grammatical patterns of Kazakh, Russian and Chinese are significant. Elder and Manwaring (2004) mention that such grammatical features of Chinese as particles and aspects complicate the process of understanding most of all. For example, constructions with 的,得,地 are unparalleled in Russian and Kazakh and it may take a considerable amount of time to grasp and master them. Due to a limited number of lass hours, students are explained only the basic rules of its use and offered to practice them further on their own. Mastering the elementary grammatical constructions of the Chinese language is essential to be able to correctly translate texts, understand ideas and express them.

To practice reading, the students were offered Exercises R1 and R2.


Table 9 – Exercise R1. Translate the text and identify professional terms


无论您从事石油、天然气、油砂或其他碳氢化合物的勘探、采、提炼、运输,SGS

均可提供全面服务,支持和优化您的业务。

从井口到炼油厂,再到分销和零售,我们的技术服务可支持石油、精制产品、天然气

和石油化工产品的工业加工、运输、储存和监护运输

Source: Prepared by the authors


Table 10 – Exercise R2. Make sentences with these terms


原油和其它原料

天然气、LNGLPGNGL

精炼石油产品

石油化工产品

Source: Prepared by the authors


image

Lastly, the professor used three survey techniques to collect feedback of the class and identify learner uptake. These techniques were asking direct questions on the covered topic, asking a thought-provoking question to the class, and interpretation of difficult moments in the native language (FU; NASSAJI, 2016). It develops the students’ linguistic and psychological abilities and reflective faculty, consolidating the material covered.


image

image



To verify the proposed CFL teaching method, the above learning techniques were used in the experimental group in addition to the principal educational program. Since the Chinese language was taught at the elementary level, the controlled assessment of profession-oriented foreign language competency took place in both control class (CC) and experimental class (EC) at the end of the academic year. The assessment of learning outcomes is given in Table

11. The assessment results show that the experimental class had more students with better language skills that were verified in a written work and an oral interview.


Table 11 – Controlled assessment of profession-oriented foreign language competency in two classes of non-language majoring students


Level

Speaking

Writing

Listening

Reading


CC

EC

CC

EC

CC

EC

CC

EC

high

12%

27%

7%

15%

6%

21%

6%

24%

medium

30%

37%

31%

38%

28%

37%

19%

34%

low

58%

36%

58%

47%

66%

42%

75%

42%

Source: Prepared by the authors


Conclusion


The language competency comes with the foreign language consciousness, since the function of the language is inseparable from the language consciousness and the national mentality of native speakers. Therefore, one of students’ problems in learning foreign languages is the automatic transition from the linguistic form of their native language to the forms of the foreign language, neglecting the mediating link of foreign language consciousness. It is crucial to distinguish the language consciousness of the studied language, which is formed from the mother tongue consciousness through learning objectives. It is important to recognize the structural specificity of the studied language in comparison with the elements of the native language. Such distinction eliminates the interference of the studied language and the mother tongue and becomes the mainstay for learning a foreign language. For this reason, it is imperative that starting from the first CFL lesson the foreign language consciousness is instilled for the sake of foreign language acquisition and adequate understanding of its cultural features. The language consciousness of the nation or ethnicity manifests itself in all aspects of the language and is used to correctly express thoughts in this language (BAYRAMOVA, 2010).

image

Summing up, learning a foreign language contributes to the cultural development of non-language major students and makes them able to communicate in a professional setting without intermediaries, thus making them highly employable professionals. To achieve this,

image

image



despite a small number of class hours devoted to learning a foreign language, non-language major students have to master not only vocabulary and grammar, but also profession-oriented competencies. This gives students the strongest motivation to study languages. The proposed methodological system provides for the formation of Chinese language competency and teaches this tongue with reference to the background knowledge, the context of the acquired vocation, the most common situations in professional communication, and the terminological apparatus. However, due to the fact that Chinese is a rather difficult language to learn, this methodology requires further upgrade for specific non-linguistic majors so that students could achieve good learning outcomes in a limited time in the context of their major.


REFERENCES


ABLAIKHAN. Joğarı oqw orındarınıñ tildik emes mamandıqtarına arnalğan “Şetel tili” päni boyınşa tïptik oqw bağdarlaması [Standard academic program for the Foreign Language discipline for non-language majors in higher education]. Almaty: Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, 2016.


BAYRAMOVA, S. I. Psychological substantiation of the methodology for formation of the phonetic competence of Russian students studying Chinese. In: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE SPACE OF ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION, 2010, Irkutsk.

Proceedings [...]. Irkutsk, Jun. 2010. pp. 67-77.


CÁCERES-LORENZO, M. Teenagers learning Chinese as a foreign language in a European Confucius Institute: the relationship between language learner strategies and successful learning factors. Language Awareness, v. 24, n. 3, p. 255-272, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/09658416.2015.1075544


CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE. Aktualnyie voprosy metodiki prepodavaniya kitayskogo yazyka [Actual Issues of Methodology of Teaching Chinese]. Vladivostok: Far Eastern Federal University, 2010.


DEMINA, N. A. Metodika prepodavaniya prakticheskogo kitayskogo yazyka [Methods of Teaching Practical Chinese]. 2. ed. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, 2006.


ELDER, C.; MANWARING, D. The relationship between metalinguistic knowledge and learning outcomes among undergraduate students of chinese. Language Awareness, v. 13, n. 3, p. 145-162, 2004. DOI: 10.1080/09658410408667092


image

FEDOROVA, S. Y.; KVASHINA, Y. A. Features and methods of teaching chinese as a second foreign language in limited time conditions. In: FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION, 3., 2013, Prague. Proceedings [...]. Prague, Oct. 2013. p. 145–148.


image

image



FU, T.; NASSAJI, H. Corrective feedback, learner uptake, and feedback perception in a Chinese as a foreign language classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, v. 6, n. 1, p. 159-181, 2016. DOI: 10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.1.8.


GOLOVIN, B. N.; KOBRIN, R. Y. Lingvisticheskiye osnovy ucheniya o terminakh

[Linguistic Basis of the Doctrine of Terms]. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1987.


ILNITSKAYA, K. A. Problems of teaching phonetics of the chinese language to russian students. In: SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGICAL READINGS OF PYATIGORSK STATE

LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY, 2015, Pyatigorsk. Proceedings [...]. Pyatigorsk, Jan. 2015. p. 89-93.


KHAFIZOVA, L. I.; SUVAN-OOL, Y. S. Features of formation of terms and terminological combinations of oil-producing equipment by example of the Chinese language. In: INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG

SCIENTISTS, 14., 2014, Tomsk. Proceedings [...]. Tomsk, May 2014. v. 2, p. 369-375.


KUNANBAYEVA, S. S. Kompetentnostnoye modelirovaniye professionalnogo inoyazychnogo obrazovaniya [Competency modelling of professional foreign language education]. Almaty: Kazakh Ablai Khan University, 2014.


KUNANBAYEVA, S.; ZHYLTYROVA, Z. The development of professional foreign language competence for ESP students: Case of Kazakh National Agrarian University students. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, v. 11, n. 14, p. 7262-7270, 2016.


LEBED, S. Mission possible: A method for memorizing characters. Magazeta, 2015. Available: http://magazeta.com/2015/03/hanzi-memorize. Access: 30 May 2020.


LELYUKH, Y. V. Effective methods of memorizing Chinese characters. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamentalnykh issledovanii, v. 5, n. 4, p. 586-588, 2015.


LIAOSHI SCHOOL. How to learn chinese characters. Available: https://my.laoshi.ru/handbooks/34-kak-uchit-kitayskie-ieroglify. Access: 30 May 2020.


MUHAMETSHINA, O. V. To a question of formation of communicative-reflexive competence of future managers. Naukovedeniye, v. 3, 2014.


OTCHIROV, O. R. The formation of the chinese terminology: tradition and modernity. Vestnik RUDN. Series Linguistics, v. 4, p. 116-125, 2013.


PERCHATKINA, V. G. Formation of professional competence of students in the process of professionally-oriented learning of a foreign language in a technical university. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, v. 4, p. 376-381, 2013.


image

POLYAKOVA, T. Y. Terminology as the basis for formation of professional foreign language communicative competence of an engineer. Vestnik FGOU VPO MGAU, v. 4, n. 2, p. 15-18, 2012.



image

image



QALÏBEKULI, T. Qazirgi qıtay tiliniñ grammatïkası (sïntaksïs) [Grammar (syntax) of the modern Chinese language]. Almaty: Publishing House of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, 2004.


REFORMATORSKIY, A. A. Vvedeniye v yazykovedeniye [Introduction to Linguistics]. Moscow: Prosveshcheniye, 1967.


SUPERANSKAYA, A. V.; PODOLSKAYA, N. V.; VASILYEVA, N. V. Obshchaya

terminologiya: terminologicheskaya deyatelnost [General terminology: Terminological activity]. Moscow: Yeditorial URSS, 2005.


WONG, Y. K. The role of radical awareness in Chinese-as-a-secondlanguage learners Chinese character reading development. Language Awareness, v. 26, n. 3, p. 211-225, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/09658416.2017.1400039


XU, X. Y. Problems of teaching the phonetics of the Chinese language to Russian students.

Molodoy Uchenyy, v. 2, n. 12, p. 141-144, 2011.


How to reference this article


SEITOVA, G.; KUNAKOVA, K.; JELDYBAYEVA, R.; TURSYNALI, Z. Formation of

profession-oriented chinese language competency in non-language major students. Rev. EntreLínguas, Araraquara, v. 7, n. esp. 2, e021010, 2021. e-ISSN: 2447-3529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29051/el.v7iesp.2.15136


image

Submitted: 05/01/2021 Required revisions: 26/02/2021 Approved: 24/03/2021 Published: 01/06/2021


image

image