Relying on the experience of great cultures, Merezhkovsky identified historical parallels
and analyzed the interconnections between different cultures and civilizations hoping to
understand the nature of the then-current crisis, find an opportunity to project the vast historical
experience on the current cultural situation, and predict the future, “unwillingly, you look back
on the great ancient writings with a vague hope to find the echo of these days”
(MEREZHKOVSKY, 1995, p. 395). The approach “I’m looking for the present in the past”
became his research method.
For instance, comparing the epoch of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius with the end
of the 19th century and emphasizing the internal and external correlation between these two
historical periods, Merezhkovsky came to the following conclusion. The blessings of the
Roman civilization together with “external happiness — education and material well-being”
did not bring people inner peace and satisfaction. On the contrary, in this flourishing state, one
could feel tension and anxiety, and the feeling of “inexplicable anxiety growing every day”
(MEREZHKOVSKY, 1995, p. 363) was identified by Merezhkovsky as a typical premonition
of crisis in various historical periods.
Analyzing the historical eras, the thinker pointed out that the destruction of spiritual
ideals had been underway for several centuries and the consequences of such “work” can be
unpredictable. The lack of “spiritual health” was manifested in all spheres of life; the thinker
warns the readers against replacing the true value of life with success in the quest of utilitarian
values and against becoming “barbarians among dull and ridiculous luxury and awe-inspiring
technical inventions”. According to Merezhkovsky, the external aspect of life only —
convenience and comfort — does not satisfy the spiritual needs of a personality, and a person
“can live their whole life in loneliness, as a real savage, […] surrounded by great comfort, in
majestic hotels looking like palaces, among the advances of scientific engineering”
(MEREZHKOVSKY, 1991, p. 174).
In Merezhkovsky’s opinion, the dominance of civilization over culture was reflected in
the creative nature of Man: from a creator, Man turned into an inventor, whose main goal is to
improve living conditions by inventing modern types of devices. Within this approach, the
foundation of cultural creation — religion — is dismissed, and the creative process, as well as
the very personality of the creator, are depreciated. Merezhkovsky compares denial of religion
in culture with “savagery”, which led to a crisis in culture and creativity, when an artist was not
able to overcome the contradictions between mind and feelings, knowledge and faith, flesh and
spirit and turned from a magician and “prophet” into a “blind chief” (D.S. Merezhkovsky:
between Culture and Civilisation, 2013).