
Keila Brito dos Santos ALBA and Nilva de Oliveira Brito dos SANTOS
Rev. EntreLínguas, Araraquara, v. 11, n. 00, e025010, 2025. e-ISSN: 2447-3529
DOI: 10.29051/el.v11i00.19838
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• The persistence of the colonial distinction between native and non-native
speakers in theories of language acquisition and English as a Foreign
Language (EFL) teaching, particularly with regard to what content should be
taught/learned and the methods of teaching and teacher education. This
distinction, and the emphasis placed on it, continue to shape EFL teachers’
identities, influencing how they perceive themselves in society and how they
are perceived by the communities in which they participate. Foreign language
teaching, especially English, places locally involved non-native participants
in the teaching–learning process in subordinate positions in relation to the
authority supposedly held by native speakers over their own language; •
English has become a global commodity (Jordão, 2004). It is bought and sold
as a consumer good, based on the belief that mastery of the language enables
even individuals from less privileged social classes and cultures to achieve
better positions in society (May, 2001);
• The concept of literacy is generally equated with “rationality and intellectual
ability” (Norton, 2007, p. 9). This belief positions English as the language of
science and technology and gives rise to another, even more dangerous
belief—that “people literate in English [could be considered] more rational
and more intellectually capable than those who do not know English” (Norton,
2007, p. 9);
• EFL teaching and learning in Brazil has, as a rule, reproduced so-called
international teaching–learning models—most of them developed in the
Global North, that is, in England and the United States. English teacher
education has followed the same models, usually aiming simply to develop
“knowledge for practice” and only very rarely addressing “knowledge of
practice” (Cochran-Smith; Lytle, 1999) (Jordão, 2010, p. 428-429, our
translation).
Jordão (2010) further emphasizes a strong belief in the localized and contextual nature
of each alternative presented as a possible solution, grounded in the Freirean notion of praxis
as both theoretical practice and practical theory, arguing that:
For Freire (1998, 1999), there is a profound interaction between theory and
practice, to the point of blurring the distinction between them and bringing
forth the notion of theory as a form of practice. This means that theoretical
discussions and the alternatives they enable are practices in themselves and,
as such, constitute ways of knowing and constructing realities. Another
implication of the Freirean notion of praxis is the reconceptualization of
agency in discourse, understood as a reflexive practice that constantly
challenges its own assumptions and unfoldings across various ideological
fields, focusing on transformation and the continuous reassessment of
interpretive procedures for meaning-making and the knowledge they produce
(Jordão, 2010, p. 438, our translation).
By emphasizing effective communication and mutual understanding, and by
encouraging students to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, ILF can help
enhance learners’ communicative competence in real-world situations across diverse contexts.
This includes valuing linguistic variation and affirming that different accents, styles, and