Jair ARAÚJO DE LIMA; João Leite FERREIRA NETO and Juliane RAMALHO DOS SANTOS
Estudos de Sociologia, Araraquara, v. 28, n. 00, e023020, 2023. e-ISSN: 1982-4718
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52780/res.v28i00.17187 13
scientific practice. According to Revel, rationality is possible and demonstrated in the
technological advances engendered by the conquests of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is
essential to pursue the rational, since "we will not build an airplane capable of flight if we do
not observe the norms of rational thought" (REVEL, 1991, p. 19, our translation).
When we renounce rationality, "we persist in moving away from it whenever we hope
to do so with impunity" (REVEL, 1991, p. 20, our translation). However, this behavior has its
price and "the harmful consequences of this preference cause inescapable damage sooner or
later" (REVEL, 1991, p. 22, our translation). Revel therefore states that: "Today, as in the past,
man's enemy lies deep within himself. But it is no longer the same: before it was ignorance,
today it is lies" (REVEL, 1991, p. 24, our translation).
Finally, the lie, when it is uniformly related in science, the intellectual world and
politics, consists, according to Revel, of a "set of behaviors of resistance to [true] information
[...]" (REVEL, 1991, p. 25, our translation). This type of behavior turns science and truth into
useless knowledge and reveals that "lying in its raw and natural state, [...] is practiced [...] with
the full awareness of being deceitful" (REVEL, 1991, p. 25-26, our translation).
In final terms, Revel postulates that, while in the exact sciences lies have short legs, in
the human sciences lies have a long existence and can only be unmasked in certain theoretical
currents that are more demanding in terms of argumentation and commitment to the facts:
No lie could stand up for long in the exact sciences. From time to time, hoaxes
occur. They may fool the scientific community for a while, but in the end [...]
[,] their authors know deep down that they will be discovered in a short space
of time and that they will pay for their ephemeral glory with definitive
dishonor. [...] On the other hand, in the social, human, economic and historical
sciences, governed by a system of proof that is by its nature less rigorous, it is
possible to deceive public opinion and even scientific opinion [...] (REVEL,
1991, p. 26-27, our translation).
Revel points out that the style of approach that can be called lying - in the social, human,
economic and historical sciences - consists of "theories that are too vague to be verified or
refuted" (REVEL, 1991, p. 30, our translation). Revel also sees the stance that deliberately lies
about the facts as "the exploitation of scientific authority for propaganda purposes" (REVEL,
1991, p. 31, our translation), which reveals that the intellectual recognizes that "lying is an
integral part of politics" (REVEL, 1991, p. 31, our translation) and, in this case, he submits
science to politics. Once again, Revel understands that submitting science to politics makes
science useless knowledge.