
A category in transformation: changes and continuities across generations of metalworkers in the ABC region
Estudos de Sociologia, Araraquara, v. 31, n. esp. 1, e026004, 2026. e-ISSN: 1982-4718
DOI: 10.52780/res.v31iesp.1.21105 16
of constraint or commitment to their schedule, because today it is not simply
an eight-hour workday. Depending on where you are located, in the ABC, in
São Paulo, in Sorocaba, it takes two hours in traffic to get to the factory, then
another two hours to get back home. We are talking about a twelve-hour
workday, not an eight-hour workday, but a twelve-hour workday. Does
today’s young people envision freedom or envisions having a better, healthier
life, including training, qualification, concern for their health, practicing a
sport, going to the theater? (Leonardo, 40 years old, our translation).
The accounts recognize that work in industry is no longer as attractive as it was in the
past, but beyond this observation, they indicate that aspirations in terms of freedom/autonomy
and personal fulfillment have not been met by more traditional and formal forms of work,
which, although they offer benefits and a certain degree of security, are rigid in terms of
schedules, procedures, and hierarchies. In this context, activities that would, in theory, allow
greater freedom, even with few or no rights, can exert attraction, especially among younger
people. Platform work or even other ways of “making a living”—various forms of
entrepreneurship, digital commerce, investment in the stock market and cryptocurrencies, and
even online betting—have gained prominence, strongly guided by digital influencers (Pires;
Perin, 2024; Pires; Rizek; Oliveira, 2026). These transformations in the culture of work (Lima,
2024) are captured by the interviewees:
And nowadays you see that it is people’s choice, they choose... Today, the
worker, the young person, chooses not to be inside a factory eight hours a day
on a production line, at a frantic pace. They choose: “I don’t want that for
myself.” So, the relationship is different. They choose to work informally as
an Uber driver, for example, where they say: “I manage my time. I am my
own boss. I don’t have anyone breathing down my neck.” So that is it. This
relationship has indeed changed. I even said that, in the past, people dreamed
of getting into an assembly plant. Today we have SENAI inside the assembly
plant, which trains the SENAI kids and workers’ children, and when these
kids graduate, depending on the grade they achieve, the factory is required to
hire them. So, they are hired, but when they arrive in production, the first thing
they ask the union leaders is: “When will there be a PDV?” because they want
to take the PDV and do something else. They do not see themselves there. So,
this has changed, okay? This relationship has changed a lot; workers’ interest
in industry today is no longer very strong—unless it is very well paid. Which
is not something we find out there. So, to earn R$ 2,000 or R$ 3,000, I’ll earn
R$ 2,000 or R$ 3,000 as an Uber driver or doing anything else, you know?
(Ricardo, 56 years old, our translation).
Changes in values are reflected in the difficulty of communication. Although
communication between different generations always poses challenges, the constant use of
smartphones and engagement with social networks create important obstacles to the collective