Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE),
Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
1
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional
Online Journal of Policy and Educational Management
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
PARCERIA PรšBLICO-PRIVADA NO ENSINO
SUPERIOR NO VIETNรƒ: OPORTUNIDADES E
DESAFIOS
ASOCIACIร“N PรšBLICO-PRIVADA EN LA EDUCACIร“N
SUPERIOR EN VIETNAM: OPORTUNIDADES Y DESAFรOS
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN
VIETNAM: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Quyen Hong DOยน
Thuy Thi Minh PHUNG
2
Nguyet Thi TRAN
3
๎ถ๎๎žต๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎žฉ๎ฆ›๎žš๎ต๎žต๎ฅ˜๎œž๎œš๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ
Phuong Thi Hong VU
4
Como referenciar este ar๎žŸgo:
Hong Do, Q., Thi Minh Phung, T., Thi Tran, N., & Thi Hong Vu, P. (2025). Public-private
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒRevista
on line de Polรญ๎žŸca e Gestรฃo Educacional, 29๎ฅพ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎™‹๎˜ฏ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งฎ๎งฒ๎งฏ๎งฏ๎ฅฌ๎žŒ๎ž‰๎๎œž๎ฅ˜
v29iesp1.20475
Subme๎žŸdo em:๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฌ๎งฌ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ
Revisรตes requeridas em: ๎งญ๎งฏ๎ฅฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎ฅฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ
Aprovado em: ๎งฏ๎งฌ๎ฅฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎ฅฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ
Publicado em:๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งญ๎ฅฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ
RESUMO: No contexto da escassez de recursos do orรงamento estatal para
a educaรงรฃo superior, as universidades pรบblicas no Vietnรฃ dependem, em
grande medida, das taxas de matrรญcula. Por isso, a parceria pรบblico-privada
(PPP) na educaรงรฃo superior รฉ considerada uma tendรชncia inevitรกvel. Con-
๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ„๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž-
๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
educaรงรฃo superior no Vietnรฃ, considerando a situaรงรฃo atual de implemen-
๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žต๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚-
รญses ao aplicarem PPPs na educaรงรฃo superior. Alรฉm disso, analisam-se os
๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎œฎ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ-
๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ๎™‹๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎œž-
ria pรบblico-privada (PPP).
๎จŸ๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎š๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
Assuntos Jurรญdicos e Inspeรงรฃo.
๎จ ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž-
tnรฃ. Departamento de Assuntos Jurรญdi-
cos e Inspeรงรฃo.
๎จก๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž-
tnรฃ. Docente da Faculdade de Direito.
๎จข๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž-
๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎œ‚๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ‚๎ฅ˜
2
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE),
Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
RESUMEN: En el contexto de la escasa asignaciรณn del presupuesto esta-
tal para la educaciรณn superior, las universidades pรบblicas en Vietnam de-
penden en gran medida de las tasas de matrรญcula. Por ello, la asociaciรณn
pรบblico-privada (APP) en la educaciรณn superior se considera una tendencia
inevitable. Sin embargo, en la prรกc๎žŸca, la implementaciรณn de proyectos
APP en las universidades pรบblicas de Vietnam aรบn no es comรบn. En este
ar๎žกculo, los autores se centran en seรฑalar las oportunidades para desar-
rollar proyectos APP en la educaciรณn superior en Vietnam, basรกndose en
la situaciรณn actual de su implementaciรณn; las directrices, polรญ๎žŸcas y leyes
del Par๎žŸdo y del Estado para fomentar las APP en este รกmbito; y el รฉxito
de algunos paรญses en el mundo al implementar proyectos similares. Asimis-
mo, se analizan los desa๎œฐos que enfrentan tanto el sector pรบblico como el
privado. Sobre esta base, se presentan recomendaciones para impulsar las
APP en la educaciรณn superior en Vietnam.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Presupuesto estatal. Educaciรณn. Educaciรณn superior. Asociaci-
รณn pรบblico-privada (APP).
ABSTRACT: In the context of a shortage of state budget alloca๎žŸon for hi-
gher educa๎žŸon (HE), public universi๎žŸes in Vietnam have to depend largely
on tui๎žŸon fees. Therefore, public-private partnership (PPP) in HE is conside-
red an inevitable trend. However, in reality, the implementa๎žŸon of PPP pro-
jects in public universi๎žŸes in Vietnam is not yet popular. In the scope of this
ar๎žŸcle, the authors focus on poin๎žŸng out the opportuni๎žŸes for developing
the PPP projects in HE in Vietnam based on the current situa๎žŸon of imple-
men๎žŸng PPP projects in HE; guidelines, policies, and laws of the Party and
State on encouraging PPP in this ๎œฎeld; and the success of some countries
in the world when implemen๎žŸng PPP projects in HE. At the same ๎žŸme, the
authors also analyze the challenges that both the public and private sec-
tors face when implemen๎žŸng PPP projects in HE in Vietnam today. On that
basis, some recommenda๎žŸons are made to promote PPP in HE in Vietnam.
KEYWORDS: State budget. Educa๎žŸon. Higher educa๎žŸon. Public-private
partnership (PPP).
Ar๎žŸgo subme๎žŸdo ao sistema de similaridade
Editor:๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎žŸ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฝ๎žต๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ž
Editor Adjunto Execu๎žŸvo: ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎ฝ๎ž๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎žŒ๎žต๎ŸŒ
.
3
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
INTRODUร‡รƒO
๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ-
๎ถ๎ž€๎ต๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎š๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎žต๎ฏ๎ž๎๎ฝ-
๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎œ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž€๎ต๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŸ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜
๎˜พ๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎œฎ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚-
๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฒ๎ฅ˜๎งณ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งต๎งฒ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท-
๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งณ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฒ๎งฑ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฎ๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งญ๎งต๎จน๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žท๎ฏ๎žŸ๎ต๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฎ๎งณ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™—๎š๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
de outros paรญses โ€” correspondendo apenas a um quinto ou um sexto da mรฉdia observada em
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™‹๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜œ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎™ž๎˜œ๎˜„๎™…๎ฅ˜
๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ‘๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งต๎ฅฌ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ๎™ค๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž€๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚-
๎œš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ŸŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ž€๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žŸ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฟ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎žต๎œš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎˜ƒ ๎œฎ๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎ต๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ‘๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ๎˜’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎ฏ๎Ÿ๎œ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฅž๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎-
๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎Ÿ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅŸ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
pรบblico-privada (PPP) no setor educacional รฉ compreendida como uma tendรชncia inevitรกvel.
๎˜„๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ-
tado na educaรงรฃo superior vietnamita.
๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œก๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฉ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ต๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚-
๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž-
๎ž๎œ‚๎œฎ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
4
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Parceria pรบblico-privada no ensino superior no vietnรฃ: oportunidades e desafios
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
desse modelo no setor.
METODOLOGIA
๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ„๎ฏ๎๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎Ÿ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚-
๎žก๎ž๎žŸ๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎œ†๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ถ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎Ÿ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ„๎ฏ๎๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSรƒO
Referencial teรณrico sobre PPP na ES
๎˜˜๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™บ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅž๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ฅŸ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎-
๎๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฉ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž-
tores pรบblico e privado voltada a programas de desenvolvimento no setor educacional. Na
๎œš๎œ ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งฑ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚-
๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ-
๎œ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎๎ž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎žต๎ถ๎๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฉ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜˜๎ฝ๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎ฝ๎š๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎ฝ๎ž๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™ฟ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ…๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žต๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ„๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎ฅพ๎˜œ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท-
๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜„๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎œฎ๎ถ๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ž๎œž๎๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎ž๎๎œ„๎žŸ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎œฎ๎ถ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ŸŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œฎ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎žต๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
de gestรฃo, sendo remunerado com base nos resultados alcanรงados. No contexto vietnamita,
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎š๎œž๎œ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ ๎žš๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ-
๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฉ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žŒ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œ„๎žต๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฏ๎š๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
5
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œฐ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
bens e serviรงos pรบblicos.
๎™ž๎œž๎๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎œž๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎™ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎ฅพ๎™จ๎™…๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜’๎™‹๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎ต๎๎ž๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ-
๎œ๎๎ฝ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž€๎ต๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎ฅพ๎˜‘๎œž๎œš๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฉ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ด๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎š๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž-
centes exigรชncias por melhoria da qualidade, a PPP passou a ser considerada um mecanismo
๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜ฆ๎œž๎ถ๎ถ๎œž๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žท๎ฏ๎žŸ๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ-
๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
obra (Patrios et al., 2009).
๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎žŒ๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚-
๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œ„๎žต๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฏ๎š๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žš๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฉ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žก๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜
Situaรงรฃo atual dos recursos pรบblicos e dos projetos de PPP na ES no Vietnรฃ
i) Situaรงรฃo atual dos recursos pรบblicos para a ES๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œก๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฉ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎žŒ๎™‹๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Sobre o orรงamento estatal๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ‘๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งต๎ฅฒ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฌ๎™ค๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎Ÿ๎ถ๎๎ต๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œก๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎๎Ÿ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚-
๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ-
๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฎ๎งฑ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฎ๎งณ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎๎žต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งญ๎งด๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งญ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งญ๎งฏ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™…๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žท๎ฏ๎žŸ๎ต๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎ฅ˜๎งด๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎งฒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ๎งฒ๎งณ๎ฅ•๎งด๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฎ๎งณ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎-
๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎ฅ˜๎งด๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎งฒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งณ๎งฐ๎ฅ˜๎งฒ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
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Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Parceria pรบblico-privada no ensino superior no vietnรฃ: oportunidades e desafios
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งฏ๎จน๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎๎Ÿ†๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎ŸŒ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ฉ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ-
๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ด๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Sobre os inves๎žŸmentos extraorรงamentรกrio๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎ž๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚-
๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ-
๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œฎ๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žต๎œฎ๎œ๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎๎๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ-
๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งด๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žก๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎œ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎Ÿ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฐ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™ค๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žต๎œ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฌ๎งฒ๎งณ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎งต๎งฒ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งต๎งฌ๎จน๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ž๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฌ๎งณ๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎งด๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ž๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ†๎๎ต๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งด๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
Tecnologia da Universidade Nacional do Vietnรฃ, em Ho Chi Minh, obteve receita superior a
๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งฒ๎งณ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎งฑ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎žต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ž๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž€๎ถ๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜
ii) Projetos de PPP na educaรงรฃo superior๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ-
taรงรฃo da regulamentaรงรฃo sobre parcerias pรบblico-privadas, entre 1997 e 2019, apenas 6 dos
๎งฏ๎งฏ๎งฒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฟ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ€๎๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎œž๎๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œž๎ถ๎š๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œ„๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜พ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ต๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜†๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฏ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž-
๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎๎œž๎ถ๎žก๎œฎ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฟ๎๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™™๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œš๎žŒ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎™…๎™จ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎ถ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œฎ๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฅ˜
Oportunidades para a aplicaรงรฃo do modelo de PPP na ES no Vietnรฃ
Em primeiro lugar, o contexto nacional e a atual situaรงรฃo dos projetos de PPP na ES no
Vietnรฃ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎๎Ÿ†๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
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10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ž๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎žต๎ฏ๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎๎๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎žท๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž-
๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž€๎ต๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ž๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎žŸ๎๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œฎ๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ˜
Em segundo lugar, a popularidade e e๎œฎcรกcia do modelo de PPP na educaรงรฃo superior
ao redor do mundo: em muitos paรญses em desenvolvimento, a PPP tem contribuรญdo para ali-
๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ž๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ฏ๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งณ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฑ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™ž๎ฆจ๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ
Barseghyan, 2024). Com o crescimento econรดmico e a crescente dependรชncia desse modelo,
๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™จ๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œก๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žš๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚-
๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎š๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žต๎œ๎ฌ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฆ˜๎™„๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žฉ๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž-
๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎๎œš๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎œ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œ๎๎ฝ-
๎ถ๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ถ๎๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎œž๎๎š๎Ÿ‡๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜„๎ฏ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎Ÿ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žš๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎š๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎งด๎งฏ๎งฑ๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎งฐ๎งต๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎งต๎จน๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎š๎ฝ๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎-
๎žš๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎๎œฐ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎Ÿ‡๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™ค๎ฟ๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฐ๎ฅ•๎งญ๎งฐ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ž๎žต๎ฌ๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎๎Ÿ†๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฟ๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งญ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎งฐ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜ฆ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎Ÿ‡๎œ‚๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎Ÿ†๎๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎ถ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žก๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ฏ๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž€๎ต๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜
Em terceiro lugar, as polรญ๎žŸcas e legislaรงรตes do Par๎žŸdo e do Estado que incen๎žŸvam o mo-
delo de PPP na ES๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ
8
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Parceria pรบblico-privada no ensino superior no vietnรฃ: oportunidades e desafios
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎๎ž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฉ๎œž๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ
no setor, buscando a mobilizaรงรฃo de recursos sociais provenientes do setor privado.
No que se refere ร s polรญ๎žŸcas e diretrizes do Par๎žŸdo e do Estado๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ŸŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ‘๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฒ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฌ๎™ค๎™ด๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎œ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฎ๎Ÿ‘๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎๎žš๎œก๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฅž๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ž๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž-
๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œก๎ถ๎œจ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ‚๎žท๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎ž๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎ฝ๎๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅŸ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ‘๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ๎˜’๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎-
๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œฎ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฅž๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎Ÿ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฅŸ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฅž๎๎ต-
๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅŸ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ถ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฟ๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Quanto ao arcabouรงo legal da PPP na ES๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎๎žต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎žต๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎œš๎๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎๎ž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎œ‚๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎š๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎๎Ÿ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎œž-
๎œš๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ„๎ฏ๎๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฎ๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œ‚๎ต๎œ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ž๎œ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œฐ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎Ÿ†๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žต๎๎žต๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ž-
๎ต๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฏ๎š๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
das partes envolvidas nos contratos de PPP em educaรงรฃo superior.
Desafios para a implementaรงรฃo da PPP na educaรงรฃo superior no Vietnรฃ
Apesar das oportunidades anteriormente analisadas, o cenรกrio atual da implementa-
๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎œฎ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜
Em primeiro lugar, as limitaรงรตes do sistema legal relacionado ร  PPP na ES๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ-
๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žก๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
9
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎ต๎Ÿ๎ถ๎๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎ฏ๎š๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎Ÿ๎ถ๎œž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎žท๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎žต๎๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎๎žต๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œฐ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎ฏ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎œš๎Ÿ€๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎๎ž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎œž๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎œš๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ-
๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œจ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ
oportunidades de PPP.
Em segundo lugar, as percepรงรตes dos setores pรบblico e privado sobre a PPP na ES
No caso das ins๎žŸtuiรงรตes pรบblicas de ES๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎œจ๎œž-
๎žŒ๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎œ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ•๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œž๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎๎ฟ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜’๎š๎žต๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฝ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ฝ๎œ๎žต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž‰๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žŸ๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎-
gualdades no acesso.
๎™…๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ฉ๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žต๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎Ÿ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฏ๎œ ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž-
๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎Ÿ†๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎žต๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŸ๎œš๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฅถ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ„๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎œž๎ž๎๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎ฉ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŸ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฅ˜
Por ๎œฎm, a experiรชncia limitada de ambos os setores na execuรงรฃo de projetos de PPP
na ES๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ŸŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎žต๎ถ๎-
๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ„๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎žต๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ž๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎š๎œž๎ž๎๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎œš๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎žš๎œž๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž€๎ต๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚-
๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎žต๎žš๎œ…๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ•๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ˜
Recomendaรงรตes
๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎-
๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎๎žต๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ—
Primeiramente๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฎ๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ฉ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žŸ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
10
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Parceria pรบblico-privada no ensino superior no vietnรฃ: oportunidades e desafios
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎œฎ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œž๎œ๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎๎žŸ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŒ๎๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œฎ๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎œš๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎œš๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎Ÿ๎ถ๎๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎Ÿ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜
๎˜œ๎ต๎˜ƒsegundo lugar,๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ-
๎œš๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎œ๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฟ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎š๎๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ฏ๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ„๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
ser amplamente aplicadas para orientar a adoรงรฃo do modelo em todo o setor.
๎™—๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
governamentais, gestores universitรกrios e atores privados, abordando os princรญpios, processos
๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ„๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œ๎œ ๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฏ๎š๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎š๎œž๎œ๎๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฅ˜
CONSIDERAร‡ร•ES FINAIS
Diante da reduรงรฃo dos recursos pรบblicos, as PPPs representam uma soluรงรฃo estratรฉgica
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎žŸ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ„๎๎œž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žต-
๎œ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œฎ๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎žต๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œก๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ„๎ž๎๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ฏ๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎žต๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž-
๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฟ๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œš๎๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ„๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŸ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต-
perior vietnamita.
11
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
REFERรŠNCIAS
๎˜„๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒSแป• tay โ€œMแป‘i quan hแป‡ ฤ‘แป‘i tรกc Nhร  nฦฐแป›c - Tฦฐ nhรขn (PPP).
๎˜„๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎ฅ˜
๎˜‘๎œž๎œš๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎๎ถ๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎žŒ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™บ๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎๎žต๎œž๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ๎œ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎๎ฉ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒRole of
universi๎žŸes of science and technology in innova๎žŸon ecosystems: Towards mission 3.1.
๎˜’๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜„๎˜œ๎™š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Chung, N. Q. C. (2023). Deploying public-private partnership model in higher educa๎žŸon:
Opportuni๎žŸes and challenges๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ชพ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎ชฃ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฌ๎š๎ฝ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎š๎ชธ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎ชบ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎Ÿ†๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ชฅ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎ชฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Dominique, C., & John, R. (2015). Public-private partnerships. The American Journal of
Compara๎žŸve Law, 58๎ฅพ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฑ๎งฑ๎งฑ๎ฅด๎งฑ๎งด๎งฐ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฑ๎งญ๎งฏ๎งญ๎ฅฌ๎œ‚๎ฉ๎œ๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งต๎ฅ˜๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎งณ๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒPublic-private partnerships: A public economics perspec๎žŸve.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ž๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎œซ๎œ‚๎๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎œž๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฝ๎ถ๎œž๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ฅ˜
๎˜ฆ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎Ÿ‡๎œ‚๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒPromo๎žŸng PPP ๎œฎnancing for higher educa๎žŸon access, quality and
relevance improvement in Indonesia๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œซ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ถ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜
๎˜ฆ๎œž๎ถ๎ถ๎œž๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒTil๎žŸng at windmills: Public-private partnerships in Indian educa๎žŸon today.
๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œ‚๎ต๎œ๎žŒ๎๎œš๎๎œž๎ฅ˜
๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ชค๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ…๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œœ๎ชบ๎๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎๎žต๎ชป๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ„๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ซ‡๎ซ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œœ๎ชข๎๎˜ƒ๎š๎ชธ๎œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œ‚๎๎œš๎ฝ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฒ
can-doi-nguon-thu-trong-cac-truong-dai-hoc-10283227.html
๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒAccoun๎žŸng,
Audi๎žŸng & Accountability Journal, 16๎ฅพ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฏ๎งฎ๎ฅด๎งฏ๎งฐ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฑ๎งญ๎งฏ๎งญ๎ฅฌ
๎œ‚๎ฉ๎œ๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งต๎ฅ˜๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎งณ๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎œ‚๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒConhecimento & Diversidade, 16๎ฅพ๎งฐ๎งญ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅด๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งด๎งฏ๎งญ๎งฒ๎ฅฌ๎žŒ๎œ๎œš๎ฅ˜
v16i41.11418
๎˜พ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒThแปฑc trแบกng thแปฑc hiแป‡n dแปฑ รกn hแปฃp tรกc cรดng tฦฐ trong giรกo dแปฅc ฤ‘แบกi hแปc tแบกi Viแป‡t
Nam vร  mแป™t sแป‘ khuyแบฟn nghแป‹.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ชพ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎ชฃ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฌ๎š๎ฝ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎š๎ชธ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎ชบ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎Ÿ†๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ชฅ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎ชฟ๎ฅ˜
๎™„๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎œž๎๎š๎Ÿ‡๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅถ
๎™‹๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎๎žž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒCrea๎žŸve Educa๎žŸon, 15๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฒ๎งฐ๎งฏ๎ฅด๎งฒ๎งฑ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฐ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎งฒ๎ฅฌ
ce.2024.154039
๎™…๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒฤแบงu tฦฐ ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c cho phรกt triแปƒn hแป‡ thแป‘ng giรกo dแปฅc ฤ‘แบกi hแปc แปŸ
Viแป‡t Nam๎˜ƒ๎ฆ€๎˜˜๎ฝ๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฆ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
12
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Parceria pรบblico-privada no ensino superior no vietnรฃ: oportunidades e desafios
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Patrios, H. A., Felipe, B. O., & Juiana, G. (2009). The role and impact of public-private
partnerships in educa๎žŸon.๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
Development.
Pham, M. (2023). Cแบงn thiแบฟt lแบญp lแป™ trรฌnh tฤƒng ngรขn sรกch chi cho GDฤH ฤ‘แบกt tแป‘i thiแปƒu 0,8% GDP.
๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎๎๎œ‚๎ฝ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎ฅ˜๎ถ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎š๎๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅฒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎๎œš๎œš๎š๎ฅฒ๎œš๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฒ๎žš๎ฝ๎๎ฅฒ
thieu-08-gdp-post239332.gd
๎™ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒThe ter๎žŸary educa๎žŸon impera๎žŸve: Knowledge, skills and values for
development๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎™—๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎ž๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ˜
๎™จ๎ถ๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œฎ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™จ๎™…๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜’๎™‹๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒWorld
declara๎žŸon on higher educa๎žŸon for the twenty-๎œฎrst century: Vision and ac๎žŸon.
๎™จ๎™…๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜’๎™‹๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎žต๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎ฅ˜๎žต๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎งฐ๎งด๎งฎ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎œจ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฐ๎งญ๎งต๎งฑ๎งฎ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒQuyแบฟt ฤ‘แป‹nh vแป viแป‡c cรดng bแป‘ cรดng khai quyแบฟt toรกn
ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2024.๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎ฝ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ๎œš๎š๎ฅฌ๎™—๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅฌ
๎œ๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎žŸ๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎˜ฏ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฏ๎งณ๎งณ๎งฌ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒQuyแบฟt ฤ‘แป‹nh vแป viแป‡c cรดng bแป‘ cรดng khai quyแบฟt toรกn
ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2023 cแปงa Bแป™ Giรกo dแปฅc vร  ฤร o tแบกo๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎ฝ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜
๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ๎œš๎š๎ฅฌ๎™—๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅฌ๎œ๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎žŸ๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎˜ฏ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฏ๎งด๎งฑ๎งณ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒBรกo cรกo cรดng khai quyแบฟt toรกn ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c cรกc
nฤƒm 2011-2020, 2021-2022๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎žš๎š๎žต๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎ถ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฌ
๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎๎ฅฒ๎ž๎žต๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฌ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎ฌ๎š๎œ‚๎๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎žš๎ฝ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎š๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎žต๎ฝ๎œ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒBแบฃn dแปฑ toรกn ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2023 trรฌnh Quแป‘c hแป™i.
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ๎œž๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎žš๎œ๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅบ๎žŒ๎ฅฌ๎ฏ๎ฅฌ๎žŸ๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ๎œš๎˜˜๎ฝ
๎œ๎™…๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ฉ๎™„๎™‹๎˜ฆ๎™จ๎˜’๎™„๎งฎ๎งฑ๎งฐ๎งฌ๎งณ๎งฏ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎งณ๎งฐ๎งฐ๎งฌ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜ Bแบฃn dแปฑ toรกn ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2024 trรฌnh Quแป‘c hแป™i.
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ๎Ÿ๎Ÿ๎ฅ˜๎ต๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ๎œž๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žฉ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎œฎ๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅฌ๎๎œš๎œ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎ฅ๎œš๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งต๎งณ๎งฌ๎งด๎งฒ๎ฆ˜
๎œš๎˜˜๎ฝ๎œ๎™…๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ฉ๎™„๎™‹๎˜ฆ๎™จ๎˜’๎™„๎งฎ๎งต๎งฏ๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎˜ƒ
Vietnam. (2012). Resolu๎žŸon No. 40/NQ-CP promulga๎žŸng ac๎žŸon program of government in
furtherance of conclusion no๎žŸ๎œฎca๎žŸon of the ministry of poli๎žŸcs on scheme โ€œRenewing
opera๎žŸonal mechanism of public non-business units, pushing up socializa๎žŸon of some
public non-business service types.๎ฅŸ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜
๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฏ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ
Vietnam. (2013). Resolu๎žŸon No. 29-NQ/TW on fundamental and comprehensive innova๎žŸon
in educa๎žŸon and training๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎๎žฉ๎œž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎žต๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜
Vietnam. (2017). Resolu๎žŸon No. 19-NQ/TW on con๎žŸnuing to innovate the organiza๎žŸon
and management system, improving the quality and e๎œธciency of public service
13
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
units.๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎žš๎š๎žต๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎ถ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎˜‘๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ต๎œ‚๎Ÿ‡๎ฅฒ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎š๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅฌ๎™…๎๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฒ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ
๎™ค๎™ด๎ฅฒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎š๎๎œž๎žต๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎š๎ฝ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎žต๎œ‚๎ฅฒ๎œš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎Ÿ€๎๎ฅฒ๎ž๎žต๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎๎š๎๎œž๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ
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Vietnam. (2018). Luแบญt Giรกo dแปฅc ฤ‘แบกi hแปc 2012, sแปญa ฤ‘แป•i, bแป• sung nฤƒm 2018๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎งฎ
Vietnam. (2019). Resolu๎žŸon No. 35/NQ-CP on enhancing the mobiliza๎žŸon of social
resources for investment in educa๎žŸon and training development in the 2019-
2025 period.๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ˜
๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งญ๎งต๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งณ
Vietnam. (2020a). Luแบญt ฤแบงu tฦฐ nฤƒm 2020๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ
๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎งฐ๎งต๎˜ƒ
Vietnam. (2020b). Luแบญt ฤแบงu tฦฐ theo phฦฐฦกng thแปฉc ฤ‘แป‘i tรกc cรดng tฦฐ nฤƒm 2020๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎งฑ๎งฎ๎˜ƒ
VNU. (2023). Chรบ trแปng nรขng cao nฤƒng lแปฑc thแปฑc hiแป‡n dแปฑ รกn ฤ‘แบงu tฦฐ theo Phฦฐฦกng thแปฉc ฤ‘แป‘i tรกc
cรดng tฦฐ tแบกi ฤHQGHN๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎žต๎ฅ˜๎œž๎œš๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎žฉ๎ž๎ฌ๎ฅฌ๎ฅ๎˜’๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฑ๎งฐ๎ฅฌ๎™…๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งต๎งฏ๎ฅฌ๎˜’๎š๎žต๎ฅฒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ฅฒ
nang-luc-thuc-hien-du-an-dau-tu-theo-Phuong-thuc-doi-tac-cong-tu-tai-dHQGHN.html
๎™ด๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎š๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œฎ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒBalkan Region Conference on Engineering
and Business Educa๎žŸon, 2๎ฅพ๎งญ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งฑ๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ๎žต๎ฅฒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฒ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งญ๎˜ƒ
๎™ด๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒImproving the performance of higher educa๎žŸon in Vietnam: Strategic
priori๎žŸes and policy op๎žŸons๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎ฅ˜
๎™บ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒPublic-private partnerships: Principles of policy and ๎œฎnance.
๎˜‘๎žต๎žฉ๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎š๎ฅฒ๎˜ฌ๎œž๎๎ถ๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎ถ๎ฅ˜
14
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Parceria pรบblico-privada no ensino superior no vietnรฃ: oportunidades e desafios
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Processamento e editoraรงรฃo: Editora Ibero-Americana de Educaรงรฃo
๎™š๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎žต๎œ•๎œ†๎ฝ
CRediT Author Statement
Reconhecimentos: Nenhum.
Financiamento: ๎˜œ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎žต๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฝ๎๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฅ˜
Con๎‡itos de interesse:๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎‡๎๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ฅ˜
Aprovaรงรฃo รฉ๎žŸca:๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎š๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎๎žš๎ฝ๎žต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎žŸ๎œ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎ž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž๎œ‚๎ฅ˜
Disponibilidade de dados e material: ๎™‹๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
disponรญveis publicamente para acesso.
Contribuiรงรตes dos autores:๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฝ๎œš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎Ÿ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ-
mente para o trabalho.
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE),
Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
1
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional
Online Journal of Policy and Educational Management
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN HIGHER
EDUCATION IN VIETNAM: OPPORTUNITIES AND
CHALLENGES
PARCERIA PรšBLICO-PRIVADA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO
VIETNรƒ: OPORTUNIDADES E DESAFIOS
ASOCIACIร“N PรšBLICO-PRIVADA EN LA EDUCACIร“N
SUPERIOR EN VIETNAM: OPORTUNIDADES Y DESAFรOS
Quyen Hong DOยน
Thuy Thi Minh PHUNG
2
Nguyet Thi TRAN
2
๎ถ๎๎žต๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎žฉ๎ฆ›๎žš๎ต๎žต๎ฅ˜๎œž๎œš๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ
Phuong Thi Hong VU
2
How to reference this paper:
Hong Do, Q., Thi Minh Phung, T., Thi Tran, N., & Thi Hong Vu, P. (2025). Parceria
๎ž‰๎žท๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎œš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ†๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎œš๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ‚๎œฎ๎ฝ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒRevista
on line de Polรญ๎žŸca e Gestรฃo Educacional, 29(esp.1), e025040. DOI: 10.22633/rpge.
v29iesp1.20475
Submi๎žฉed: 19/05/2025
Revisions required: 13/06/2025
Approved: 30/06/2025
Published: 31/07/2025
ABSTRACT:๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ-
๎๎œž๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž‰๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎๎žต๎๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎ฏ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎œž๎ฏ๎œš๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ-
๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ŸŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎œš๎œ‚๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜
KEYWORDS: ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ
partnership (PPP).
๎จŸ๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš-
nam. Head of the Department of Legal
Affairs and Inspection.
๎จ ๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš-
nam. Department of Legal Affairs and
Inspection.
๎จก๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž-
tnam. Lecturer of the Faculty of Law.
๎จข๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž-
๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎œ‚๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œ๎ฝ-
nomics.
2
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE),
Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
RESUMO: No contexto da escassez de recursos do orรงamento estatal
para a educaรงรฃo superior, as universidades pรบblicas no Vietnรฃ depen-
dem, em grande medida, das taxas de matrรญcula. Por isso, a parceria pรบ-
blico-privada (PPP) na educaรงรฃo superior รฉ considerada uma tendรชncia
inevitรกvel. Contudo, na prรก๎žŸca, a implementaรงรฃo de projetos de PPP em
universidades pรบblicas vietnamitas ainda nรฃo รฉ comum. Neste ar๎žŸgo, os
autores destacam as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de projetos
de PPP na educaรงรฃo superior no Vietnรฃ, considerando a situaรงรฃo atual de
implementaรงรฃo desses projetos, as diretrizes, polรญ๎žŸcas e leis do Par๎žŸdo
e do Estado para incen๎žŸvar as PPPs nessa รกrea, e o sucesso alcanรงado
por alguns paรญses ao aplicarem PPPs na educaรงรฃo superior. Alรฉm disso,
analisam-se os desa๎œฎos enfrentados pelos setores pรบblico e privado na
execuรงรฃo de projetos de PPP no Vietnรฃ. Com base nisso, apresentam-se
recomendaรงรตes para fomentar as PPPs na educaรงรฃo superior.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Orรงamento estatal. Educaรงรฃo. Educaรงรฃo superior. Parce-
ria pรบblico-privada (PPP).
RESUMEN: En el contexto de la escasa asignaciรณn del presupuesto
estatal para la educaciรณn superior, las universidades pรบblicas en Vietnam
dependen en gran medida de las tasas de matrรญcula. Por ello, la asociaciรณn
pรบblico-privada (APP) en la educaciรณn superior se considera una tendencia
inevitable. Sin embargo, en la prรกc๎žŸca, la implementaciรณn de proyectos
APP en las universidades pรบblicas de Vietnam aรบn no es comรบn. En
este ar๎žกculo, los autores se centran en seรฑalar las oportunidades para
desarrollar proyectos APP en la educaciรณn superior en Vietnam, basรกndose
en la situaciรณn actual de su implementaciรณn; las directrices, polรญ๎žŸcas y
leyes del Par๎žŸdo y del Estado para fomentar las APP en este รกmbito; y el
รฉxito de algunos paรญses en el mundo al implementar proyectos similares.
Asimismo, se analizan los desa๎œฐos que enfrentan tanto el sector pรบblico
como el privado. Sobre esta base, se presentan recomendaciones para
impulsar las APP en la educaciรณn superior en Vietnam.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Presupuesto estatal. Educaciรณn. Educaciรณn superior.
Asociaciรณn pรบblico-privada (APP).
Ar๎žŸcle submi๎žฉed to the similarity system
Editor:๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎žŸ๎œ†๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฝ๎žต๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ž
Deputy Execu๎žŸve Editor: ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎ฝ๎ž๎œ ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฝ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎žŒ๎žต๎ŸŒ
3
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
INTRODUCTION
๎˜ฌ๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎ฅพ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ‚๎Ÿ‡๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ€๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฌ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ต๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎š๎žต-
man resources, together with the sustainable development of science, technology, and in-
๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎žš๎š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎žŸ๎ŸŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŸ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฅ˜
๎˜พ๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œธ๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎žŸ๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ
๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎งญ๎งฒ๎ฅ•๎งณ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งต๎งฒ๎จน๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งณ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฒ๎งฑ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งต๎จน๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ-
๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งณ๎จน๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™—๎š๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ
๎ฏ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žš๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅถ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œž๎ฅฒ๎œฎ๎Œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œž๎ฅฒ๎ž๎๎Ÿ†๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™‹๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜˜๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎™ž๎˜œ๎˜„๎™…๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ˜
๎™ž๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งต๎ฅฌ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ๎™ค๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎š๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ฏ๎œจ-
๎ฅฒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žต๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎ฏ๎œจ๎ฅฒ๎๎žต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œž๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†-
penditures to increase social revenue, expand, and improve training quality. However, this
๎ž๎š๎๎Œ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅด๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ๎˜’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
states: โ€œThe Government encourages and creates favorable condi๎žŸons for domes๎žŸc and fo-
reign investors to invest in educa๎žŸon and training development at all educa๎žŸonal levels.โ€ Thus,
๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž‰๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜
๎™ด๎๎žš๎š๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎žŒ๎ž๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎-
๎œจ๎Ÿ‡๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œจ๎Ÿ‡๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ-
๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜
๏Œช
METHODOLOGY
๎™ค๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎š๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎Ÿ‡๎ถ๎žš๎š๎œž-
๎ž๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚๎žš๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ž๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ
4
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Public-private partnership in higher education in vietnam: opportunities and challenges
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎œž๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎ž๎š๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎Ÿ‡๎ถ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ž๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎žŒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Theoretical framework about PPP in HE
According to Yescombe (2007), the term โ€œpublic-private partnershipโ€ originated in the
๎™จ๎ถ๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ๎žŒ๎๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎ฝ๎๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งฑ๎งฌ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎ฝ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
as a joint investment for infrastructure projects, but from the 1960s onwards, the term was
๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งฌ๎ž๎˜ƒ
and early 2000s, under US law, โ€œPublic-Private Partnership (PPP)โ€ referred to a contractual
๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎ฝ๎๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
and provide public services (Dominique & John, 2015). Later, the concept was widely adopted
๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎˜ผ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œž๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎™ฟ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žต๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜œ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œš๎œž๎ž๎œ๎žŒ๎๎œ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
manage public assets.
๎˜’๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎๎œซ๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎œฎ๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
private party and a government agency to provide public goods or services, in which the pri-
๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎ฌ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎Ÿ‡๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ต๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚-
๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎๎ถ๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž-
๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎๎š๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎ฅฒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žฉ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ
(Vietnam 2020b, Art.3, Clause 10). Thus, PPP can be understood as an agreement between a
๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œฎ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎ฝ๎œš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜
๎˜„๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎œ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™จ๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎ž๎ž๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž-
๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎š๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜‘๎œž๎œš๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ค๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ด๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎š๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎-
sing costs and increasing demands for quality improvement, PPP has emerged as a necessary
๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜ฆ๎œž๎ถ๎ถ๎œž๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎œ๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ
demand and the need to support workforce development (Patrios et al., 2009).
5
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ-
๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ-
๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎žŒ๎œž๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎š๎œ‚-
๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎ฌ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ฝ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œž๎œš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Current status of public funds for HE and PPP projects in HE in Vietnam
i) Current status of public funds for HE๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎œš๎œ‚๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
come from the state budget and non-budgetary investments.
Regarding the State budget๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งต๎ฅฒ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฌ๎™ค๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚-
๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎š๎ต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ
๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งฑ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งณ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜˜๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†-
๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž‰๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งด๎จน๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งญ๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ฉ๎žต๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งฏ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™…๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎žš๎žต๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎œš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎งด๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅถ๎งฒ๎งณ๎ฅ˜๎งด๎จน๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎ฅถ๎œ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฎ๎งณ๎จน๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎งด๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งฒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž-
๎žŸ๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎งฎ๎งณ๎งฐ๎ฅ•๎งฒ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žŸ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฏ๎จน๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎žš๎žŒ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅฒ๎ต๎๎œš๎œš๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅฒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ด๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Regarding non-budgetary investment sources:๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ-
๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ›๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žต๎œธ๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ-
๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎งด๎งฌ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žต๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œฎ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎œ๎š๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎œจ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎ฏ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฐ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žต๎œž๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ-
ce, Ton Duc Thang Universityโ€™s legal revenue in 2022 was VND 1,067 billion, of which VND
๎งต๎งฒ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎ฅพ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎งต๎งฌ๎จน๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ž๎๎ต๎๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎™ž๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎š๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎งฌ๎งณ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งด๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ†๎๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎งด๎งฌ๎จน๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎š๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎š๎๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งฒ๎งณ๎งฎ๎ฅ˜๎งฑ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎š๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ
6
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Public-private partnership in higher education in vietnam: opportunities and challenges
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žต๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎œž๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ˜
ii) PPP projects in HE๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎š๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎๎š๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งณ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎งฒ๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฏ๎งฒ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎Œ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎ฝ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œซ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚-
๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜พ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žต๎ถ๎œ๎š๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎žŒ๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฅถ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎žŒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฅถ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜„๎œš๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎ฏ๎๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎Ÿ†-
๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎๎š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎ฅด๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฆ˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎š๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎๎๎š๎ฅฒ๎™™๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎™ค๎œž๎œ๎š๎ถ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎™…๎™จ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žŸ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žš๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ˜
Opportunities to run the PPP model in HE in Vietnam
First of all, the context of domes๎žŸc and the current status of PPP projects in HE in
Vietnam๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
learners, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, leading to gaps in learning op-
๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œž๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ถ๎žต๎ต๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎๎š๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œซ๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œฎ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ž๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ˜
Second, the popularity and e๎œซec๎žŸveness of PPP model in HE in the world: in many de-
๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎œš๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต-
๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ฅ˜๎™ž๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎๎ถ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ž๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งฌ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
It expanded from just 7 states in the late 1990s to over 35 states by 2015, with a total invest-
ment of $13 billion (Minassians & Barseghyan, 2024). Given the United Statesโ€™ growth and
๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎š๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ
sector. For example, notable mixed-use PPP projects include development projects at Drexel
University, University of South Florida, Ohio State University, University of Kentucky, Texas
๎˜„๎ฆ˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žฉ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎๎œš๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎ฅฒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œซ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
lecturers in the Los Angeles area (Minassians & Barseghyan, 2024).
๎˜‘๎œž๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‘๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎š๎œ‚๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎งด๎งฏ๎งฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ ๎งฐ๎งต๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎ฝ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚-
๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎งฑ๎ฅ˜๎งต๎จน๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎œจ๎œž๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎š๎ฝ๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎ฝ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎œž๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎Ÿ‡๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
7
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎žต๎๎ฏ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎ถ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ฝ๎ฌ๎Ÿ‡๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งญ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ-
๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎งฐ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งฐ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎ถ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎ž๎žต๎ฌ๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žš๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ
facility development and management in 2019, with a total investment of 113.40 billion yen
(Fachriansyah, 2019).
๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎Ÿ‡๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ต๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž-
๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎š๎žต๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž-
๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎žš๎š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Third, policies and laws of the Party and State encouraging PPP model in HE: given the
๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎œš๎๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎žต๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Regarding policies and guidelines of the Party and State: the policy to expand PPP pro-
๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎ฏ๎žต๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฒ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฌ๎™ค๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œ‚-
๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฎ๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎๎žฉ๎œž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎žต๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ
Vietnam. Accordingly, one task is to โ€œhave an appropriate ๎œฎnancial mechanism to mobilize all
social resources to invest in the public service sector, especially in health care and educa๎žŸon,
including the forms of PPP, joint ventures, and associa๎žŸonsโ€. In 2019, the Government issued
๎™š๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎งฏ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ๎˜’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œš๎žต๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅด๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎ฝ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎ฅžThe
Government encourages and creates favorable condi๎žŸons for domes๎žŸc and foreign investors
to invest in educa๎žŸon and training development at all levels and training levelsโ€ and โ€œStep by
step pilot investment in the form of PPP in educa๎žŸon, ๎œฎrst of all in educa๎žŸon infrastructure
development projects๎ฅŸ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Regarding legal framework on PPP in HE: Vietnam has established a solid legal cor-
๎žŒ๎๎œš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žต๎๎š๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฎ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ
๎ฅพ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎œ‚๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žš๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎œฎ๎ถ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎๎๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žŸ๎ž‰๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎œ๎ฏ๎๎ž๎š๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎ž๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎žต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅถ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œ‚๎Ÿ†๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎๎žต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎๎š๎žš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žš๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎œž๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ–๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ž๎ต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎ฝ๎ฏ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅถ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎œš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ
encourage PPP projects.
8
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Public-private partnership in higher education in vietnam: opportunities and challenges
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Challenges in implementing PPP in HE in Vietnam
๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œž๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ŸŒ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎žต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Firstly, limita๎žŸons on legal system related to PPP in HE๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
the 2020 Law on PPP Investment reveals some unreasonable barriers, notably the require-
๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎ต๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎™…๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎ฏ๎ฏ๎๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™—๎ฝ๎๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žต๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎š๎๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎œ๎ฏ๎žต-
๎œš๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ฏ๎๎๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎žต๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ
๎ต๎žต๎œ๎š๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎œž๎œž๎œš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎œš๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ
assets, the state budget, land, intellectual property, and investment create complex procedu-
๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎žต๎œ‚๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎žŒ๎ž๎žต๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜
Secondly, the public and private sectorsโ€™ percep๎žŸon of PPP in HE
As for the public HE ins๎žŸtu๎žŸons๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ›๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
view and approach research, teaching, and technology transfer as a mission to serve society,
๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ต๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œฎ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎ž๎๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎˜’๎š๎žต๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ž๎๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎๎ถ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
As for the private sector:๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎š๎๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œฎ๎žš๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œž๎œž๎ฌ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต-
๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œซ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ
requirements, long capital recovery periods, and high interest rates on loansโ€”due to failure
๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œž๎œž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎ฅถ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ-
๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œจ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎ฌ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎Œ๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎ฌ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
hesitate to engage.
Finally, the experience of both public and private sectors in implemen๎žŸng PPP projects
in HE๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎๎ต๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎žต๎ต๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŸ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฌ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎š๎œž๎ž๎-
๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎œš๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎๎ž๎ฌ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎๎œ๎๎ฏ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜
Recommendations
๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žต๎žŒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŒ๎๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ
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10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Firstly๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ฏ๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žต๎๎š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œธ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎ต๎๎žฉ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎ž‰๎œž๎œ๎๎œฎ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žŸ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฌ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žต๎ž๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎žš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎ž๎žต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎žต๎๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œž-
๎œ‚๎ต๎ฏ๎๎ถ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎œš๎œš๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎ž๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎ต๎žต๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฌ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ต๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎๎œ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žฉ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
Secondly๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎žš๎˜ƒ ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎žต๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฝ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎š๎๎˜ƒ๎™„๎๎ถ๎š๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ
๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎žต๎ฏ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ต๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎ถ๎ž๎๎๎š๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŸ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎˜ƒ
๎žš๎š๎œž๎ž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎๎žต๎๎œš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ฝ๎ž‰๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜
Last but not least๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎œ‚๎œ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎Ÿ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฉ๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ž๎š๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œธ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎-
๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎œš๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎ฌ๎œž๎š๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŸ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎ถ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎ฏ๎œž๎œš๎๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎žš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ž๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ถ๎œ๎ฝ๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎œž๎œš๎ฅ˜
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
๎˜ฆ๎œ‚๎œ๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿ๎๎žš๎š๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎š๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎ž๎˜ƒ ๎ฝ๎œซ๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎๎๎œ๎˜ƒ ๎ž๎ฝ๎ฏ๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎Ÿ‡๎ž๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ž‰๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎œ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎Ÿ†๎ž‰๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ
๎œ‚๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎œž๎œ‚๎ฌ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎œ‚๎žฉ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎œ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎ถ๎œš๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎žš๎Ÿ๎œž๎œž๎ถ๎˜ƒ
๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žต๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œš๎œž๎ž๎ž‰๎๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฌ๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎žต๎ถ๎œš๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ž๎๎œ๎˜ƒ
๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎๎ต๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žŸ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎š๎œž๎œ‚๎Ÿ€๎๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žต๎๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎œ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎ž๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎œž-
๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ต๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎๎žต๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žŒ๎๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žต๎žŒ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ต๎ฝ๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ
๎œž๎ถ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ฏ๎ฝ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎ž‰๎œž๎žŸ๎žŸ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ›๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜
10
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Public-private partnership in higher education in vietnam: opportunities and challenges
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
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๎˜„๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎œž๎Ÿ€๎œž๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ž‰๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒSแป• tay โ€œMแป‘i quan hแป‡ ฤ‘แป‘i tรกc Nhร  nฦฐแป›c - Tฦฐ nhรขn (PPP).
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๎˜ฌ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ชค๎žš๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ…๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œœ๎ชบ๎๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎๎žต๎ชป๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎žต๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ„๎œ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ซ‡๎ซ๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œœ๎ชข๎๎˜ƒ๎š๎ชธ๎œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œ‚๎๎œš๎ฝ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฌ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฒ
๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎š๎žต๎ฅฒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎œ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎žŒ๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎œš๎œ‚๎๎ฅฒ๎š๎ฝ๎œ๎ฅฒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งด๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎งณ๎ฅ˜๎š๎žš๎ต๎ฏ
๎˜บ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎๎œ๎š๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œš๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฏ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒAccoun๎žŸng,
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๎˜พ๎œ‚๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎š๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎œž๎ถ๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŸ๎ต๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎๎žŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒConhecimento & Diversidade, 16๎ฅพ๎งฐ๎งญ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งญ๎ฅด๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งด๎งฏ๎งญ๎งฒ๎ฅฌ๎žŒ๎œ๎œš๎ฅ˜
๎Ÿ€๎งญ๎งฒ๎๎งฐ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งญ๎งฐ๎งญ๎งด
Le, T. T. T. (2023). Thแปฑc trแบกng thแปฑc hiแป‡n dแปฑ รกn hแปฃp tรกc cรดng tฦฐ trong giรกo dแปฅc ฤ‘แบกi hแปc tแบกi Viแป‡t
Nam vร  mแป™t sแป‘ khuyแบฟn nghแป‹.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ชพ๎๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎ชฃ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎ฌ๎š๎ฝ๎œ‚๎˜ƒ๎š๎ชธ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎ž‹๎žต๎ชบ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎๎๎œ‚๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎Ÿ†๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ชฅ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎ชฟ๎ฅ˜
๎™„๎๎ถ๎œ‚๎ž๎ž๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฅ˜๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ฆ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ž๎œž๎๎š๎Ÿ‡๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ฝ๎œš๎œž๎ฏ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎งฏ๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎ฅถ
๎™‹๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎žต๎ถ๎๎žŸ๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎๎žž๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎ž๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒCrea๎žŸve Educa๎žŸon, 15๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎งฒ๎งฐ๎งฏ๎ฅด๎งฒ๎งฑ๎งญ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งฐ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎งฒ๎ฅฌ
ce.2024.154039
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Viแป‡t Nam๎˜ƒ๎ฆ€๎˜˜๎ฝ๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎ž๎ž๎œž๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎žต๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ต๎œ‚๎๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎ถ๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎ฆ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ
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10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
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๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎๎๎œ‚๎ฝ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎ฅ˜๎ถ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎š๎๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅฒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎ž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎๎œš๎œš๎š๎ฅฒ๎œš๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฒ๎žš๎ฝ๎๎ฅฒ
๎žš๎š๎๎œž๎žต๎ฅฒ๎งฌ๎งด๎ฅฒ๎๎œš๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎ž๎žš๎งฎ๎งฏ๎งต๎งฏ๎งฏ๎งฎ๎ฅ˜๎๎œš๎˜ƒ
Salmi, J. (2017). The ter๎žŸary educa๎žŸon impera๎žŸve: Knowledge, skills and values for
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๎™จ๎ถ๎๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œ๎๎œž๎ถ๎žŸ๎œฎ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎žต๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎žŒ๎๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ŸŒ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎™จ๎™…๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜’๎™‹๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งญ๎งต๎งต๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒWorld
declara๎žŸon on higher educa๎žŸon for the twenty-๎œฎrst century: Vision and ac๎žŸon.
๎™จ๎™…๎˜œ๎™ž๎˜’๎™‹๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎žต๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎ฅ˜๎žต๎ถ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎งฐ๎งด๎งฎ๎งฎ๎งฏ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎œจ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งฐ๎งญ๎งต๎งฑ๎งฎ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฐ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒQuyแบฟt ฤ‘แป‹nh vแป viแป‡c cรดng bแป‘ cรดng khai quyแบฟt toรกn
ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2024.๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎ฝ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ๎œš๎š๎ฅฌ๎™—๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅฌ
๎œ๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎žŸ๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎˜ฏ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฏ๎งณ๎งณ๎งฌ
๎™„๎๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎žŒ๎œ‚๎๎ถ๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒQuyแบฟt ฤ‘แป‹nh vแป viแป‡c cรดng bแป‘ cรดng khai quyแบฟt toรกn
ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2023 cแปงa Bแป™ Giรกo dแปฅc vร  ฤร o tแบกo๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎ฝ๎œž๎žš๎ฅ˜
๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ๎œš๎š๎ฅฌ๎™—๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅฌ๎œ๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎žŸ๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎˜ฏ๎žš๎œž๎ต๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฏ๎งด๎งฑ๎งณ๎˜ƒ
Ministry of Finance. (2022). Bรกo cรกo cรดng khai quyแบฟt toรกn ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c cรกc
nฤƒm 2011-2020, 2021-2022๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎žš๎š๎žต๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎ถ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅฌ
thoi-su-phap-luat/bao-cao-cong-khai-quyet-toan-ngan-sach-nha-nuoc
Ministry of Finance. (2023). Bแบฃn dแปฑ toรกn ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2023 trรฌnh Quแป‘c hแป™i.
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎ต๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ๎œž๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎žš๎œ๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎ž๎ฅบ๎žŒ๎ฅฌ๎ฏ๎ฅฌ๎žŸ๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎žš๎œ‚๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅ๎œš๎˜˜๎ฝ
๎œ๎™…๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ฉ๎™„๎™‹๎˜ฆ๎™จ๎˜’๎™„๎งฎ๎งฑ๎งฐ๎งฌ๎งณ๎งฏ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎งณ๎งฐ๎งฐ๎งฌ
Ministry of Finance. (2024). Bแบฃn dแปฑ toรกn ngรขn sรกch nhร  nฦฐแป›c nฤƒm 2024 trรฌnh Quแป‘c hแป™i.
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ๎Ÿ๎Ÿ๎ฅ˜๎ต๎ฝ๎œจ๎ฅ˜๎๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ๎œž๎œ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎œ‚๎žฉ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎œฎ๎ฏ๎œž๎ฅฌ๎๎œš๎œ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎๎ฅ๎œš๎˜ฏ๎˜˜๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งต๎งณ๎งฌ๎งด๎งฒ๎ฆ˜
๎œš๎˜˜๎ฝ๎œ๎™…๎œ‚๎ต๎œž๎ฉ๎™„๎™‹๎˜ฆ๎™จ๎˜’๎™„๎งฎ๎งต๎งฏ๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งฎ๎˜ƒ
Vietnam. (2012). Resolu๎žŸon No. 40/NQ-CP promulga๎žŸng ac๎žŸon program of government in
furtherance of conclusion no๎žŸ๎œฎca๎žŸon of the ministry of poli๎žŸcs on scheme โ€œRenewing
opera๎žŸonal mechanism of public non-business units, pushing up socializa๎žŸon of some
public non-business service types.๎ฅŸ๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜
๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฏ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฒ
Vietnam. (2013). Resolu๎žŸon No. 29-NQ/TW on fundamental and comprehensive innova๎žŸon
in educa๎žŸon and training๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎๎žฉ๎œž๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎ฝ๎ต๎ต๎žต๎ถ๎๎ž๎žš๎˜ƒ๎™—๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜
Vietnam. (2017). Resolu๎žŸon No. 19-NQ/TW on con๎žŸnuing to innovate the organiza๎žŸon
and management system, improving the quality and e๎œธciency of public service
12
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Public-private partnership in higher education in vietnam: opportunities and challenges
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
units.๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎žš๎š๎žต๎Ÿ€๎๎œž๎ถ๎ž‰๎š๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฏ๎žต๎œ‚๎žš๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎˜‘๎ฝ๎ฅฒ๎ต๎œ‚๎Ÿ‡๎ฅฒ๎š๎œ‚๎ถ๎š๎ฅฒ๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ฅฌ๎™…๎๎š๎๎ฅฒ๎ž‹๎žต๎Ÿ‡๎œž๎žš๎ฅฒ๎งญ๎งต๎ฅฒ๎™…๎™™๎ฅฒ
TW-2017-nang-cao-chat-luong-hieu-qua-hoat-dong-cua-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-
๎ฏ๎œ‚๎ž‰๎ฅฒ๎งฏ๎งฒ๎งฑ๎งฑ๎งด๎งฏ๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎˜ƒ
๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งด๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜ Luแบญt Giรกo dแปฅc ฤ‘แบกi hแปc 2012, sแปญa ฤ‘แป•i, bแป• sung nฤƒm 2018๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฒ๎งญ๎งฌ๎งฎ
Vietnam. (2019). Resolu๎žŸon No. 35/NQ-CP on enhancing the mobiliza๎žŸon of social
resources for investment in educa๎žŸon and training development in the 2019-
2025 period.๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎ฝ๎Ÿ€๎œž๎žŒ๎ถ๎ต๎œž๎ถ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ˜
๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งญ๎งต๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งณ
Vietnam. (2020a). Luแบญt ฤแบงu tฦฐ nฤƒm 2020๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ
๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎œž๎œจ๎œ‚๎žต๎ฏ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎œ‚๎ž๎ž‰๎Ÿ†๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎งฐ๎งต๎˜ƒ
Vietnam. (2020b). Luแบญt ฤแบงu tฦฐ theo phฦฐฦกng thแปฉc ฤ‘แป‘i tรกc cรดng tฦฐ nฤƒm 2020๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎˜„๎ž๎ž๎œž๎ต๎œ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎™ณ๎๎œž๎žš๎ถ๎œ‚๎ต๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ฅ˜๎œ๎š๎๎ถ๎š๎ž‰๎š๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎ฅ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎๎œž๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฌ๎ฆ˜๎œš๎ฝ๎œ๎๎œš๎ฉ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฐ๎งฑ๎งฎ๎˜ƒ
VNU. (2023). Chรบ trแปng nรขng cao nฤƒng lแปฑc thแปฑc hiแป‡n dแปฑ รกn ฤ‘แบงu tฦฐ theo Phฦฐฦกng thแปฉc ฤ‘แป‘i tรกc
cรดng tฦฐ tแบกi ฤHQGHN๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎žต๎ฅ˜๎œž๎œš๎žต๎ฅ˜๎Ÿ€๎ถ๎ฅฌ๎žฉ๎ž๎ฌ๎ฅฌ๎ฅ๎˜’๎งญ๎งฒ๎งฑ๎งฐ๎ฅฌ๎™…๎งฏ๎งฎ๎งณ๎งต๎งฏ๎ฅฌ๎˜’๎š๎žต๎ฅฒ๎žš๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎๎ฅฒ๎œ๎œ‚๎ฝ๎ฅฒ
nang-luc-thuc-hien-du-an-dau-tu-theo-Phuong-thuc-doi-tac-cong-tu-tai-dHQGHN.html
๎™ด๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ž๎žš๎š๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฏ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎žต๎œ๎ฏ๎๎œ๎ฅฒ๎ž‰๎žŒ๎๎Ÿ€๎œ‚๎žš๎œž๎˜ƒ๎ž‰๎œ‚๎žŒ๎žš๎ถ๎œž๎žŒ๎ž๎š๎๎ž‰๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎š๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฅ—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎ฝ๎Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎žŸ๎œ‚๎žŒ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ
๎๎ถ๎ž๎žŸ๎žš๎žต๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ต๎œž๎žŒ๎๎๎ถ๎๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎ฝ๎ต๎๎œž๎ž๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œž๎ถ๎œž๎œฎ๎žš๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒBalkan Region Conference on Engineering
and Business Educa๎žŸon, 2๎ฅพ๎งญ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎žฉ๎ž‰๎ž๎ฅ—๎ฅฌ๎ฅฌ๎œš๎ฝ๎๎ฅ˜๎ฝ๎žŒ๎๎ฅฌ๎งญ๎งฌ๎ฅ˜๎งญ๎งฑ๎งญ๎งฑ๎ฅฌ๎œ๎ž‰๎ฏ๎œ๎žต๎ฅฒ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งญ๎งณ๎ฅฒ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งญ๎˜ƒ
World Bank. (2020). Improving the performance of higher educa๎žŸon in Vietnam: Strategic
priori๎žŸes and policy op๎žŸons๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎๎๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œš๎žต๎œ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎œž๎œ๎žš๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎œž๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎ฅ˜
๎™บ๎œž๎ž๎œ๎ฝ๎ต๎œ๎œž๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎ฅพ๎งฎ๎งฌ๎งฌ๎งณ๎ฅฟ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒPublic-private partnerships: Principles of policy and ๎œฎnance.
๎˜‘๎žต๎žฉ๎œž๎žŒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎š๎ฅฒ๎˜ฌ๎œž๎๎ถ๎œž๎ต๎œ‚๎ถ๎ถ๎ฅ˜
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10.22633/rpge.v29iesp1.20475
Revista on line de Polรญtica e Gestรฃo Educacional (RPGE), Araraquara, v. 29(esp.1), n. 00, e025040, 2025.
Quyen HONG DO, Thuy THI MINH PHUNG,, Nguyet THI TRAN, Phuong THI HONG VU
e-ISSN: 1519-9029
Processing and edi๎žŸng: Editora Ibero-Americana de Educaรงรฃo
๎™—๎žŒ๎ฝ๎ฝ๎œจ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ‚๎œš๎๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎œจ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎žซ๎ถ๎๎ฅ•๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎๎ž๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œš๎˜ƒ๎žš๎žŒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎ž๎ฏ๎œ‚๎žŸ๎ฝ๎ถ
CRediT Author Statement
Acknowledgements: No.
Funding: ๎™ค๎š๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎œž๎œ‚๎žŒ๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œš๎๎œš๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎žŒ๎œž๎œ๎œž๎๎Ÿ€๎œž๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎ถ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ถ๎œ‚๎ถ๎œ๎๎œ‚๎ฏ๎˜ƒ๎ž๎žต๎ž‰๎ž‰๎ฝ๎žŒ๎žš๎ฅ˜
Con๎‡icts of interest: ๎™ค๎š๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎˜ƒ๎๎ž๎˜ƒ๎ถ๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎‡๎๎œ๎žš๎˜ƒ๎ฝ๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎๎ถ๎žš๎œž๎žŒ๎œž๎ž๎žš๎ฅ˜
Ethical approval: The work respected ethics during the research.
Data and material availability: The data and materials used in the work are not publicly
available for access.
Authors' contribu๎žŸons:๎˜ƒ๎งฎ๎งฑ๎จน๎˜ƒ๎œž๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฅ˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎œ‚๎œ๎š๎˜ƒ๎œ‚๎žต๎žš๎š๎ฝ๎žŒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎ฝ๎ถ๎žš๎žŒ๎๎œ๎žต๎žš๎œž๎œš๎˜ƒ๎œž๎ž‹๎žต๎œ‚๎ฏ๎ฏ๎Ÿ‡๎˜ƒ๎žš๎ฝ๎˜ƒ๎žš๎š๎œž๎˜ƒ๎Ÿ๎ฝ๎žŒ๎ฌ๎ฅ˜