Bolsa Família: The institutionally maintened inequality reversal program in the history of Brazil
Rev. Sem Aspas, Araraquara, v. 12, n. 00, e023005, 2023. e-ISSN: 2358-4238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29373/sas.v12i00.18008 10
equivalent socioeconomic status (JANNUZZI; PINTO, 2013, p. 186, our
translation).
This confirms that:
The program's alleged "laziness effect" is, therefore, more myth than reality.
Considering the different situations and attributes that affect the insertion into
the labor market - age, family headship, gender, and motherhood - there is no
difference between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries with equivalent
income (JANNUZZI; PINTO, 2013, p. 186, our translation).
The program not only generates dynamism in the labor market but also drives the
circulation and acquisition of durable goods, resulting in a significant and influential increase
in the purchasing power of beneficiary families. Furthermore, the program contributes to
combating the stereotype of the "natural place of women" as:
The female beneficiaries - who are the majority of Bolsa Família cardholders
- are gaining greater autonomy and power in family decisions and the purchase
of durable goods, medicine, and clothing, compared to non-beneficiary
women (JANNUZZI; PINTO, 2013, p. 187, our translation).
It is important to emphasize that:
Women who are beneficiaries of the PBF gain in gender relations as they
become more financially independent from their husbands, gaining greater
bargaining power in allocating household resources and increasing their social
interaction (SUAREZ; LIBARDONI, 2007, p. 187, our translation).
Thirdly, "there was also a widespread belief that beneficiary families would have more
children, resorting to opportunistic behavior to access a larger volume of resources"
(CAMPELLO; NERI, 2013, p. 17, our translation), given that "the amount received by families
benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) increases as the number of children and
adolescents in the family grows" (ALVES; CAVENAGHI, 2013, p. 234, our translation). This
conception is known as the "Malthusian argument," which suggests that an increase in income
can result in higher fertility. In the case of the PBF, it implies that the increase in beneficiary
families' revenue could trigger a population growth cycle.
Alves and Cavenaghi, based on the research "Impactos do Bolsa Família na
Reconfiguração dos Arranjos Familiares, nas Assimetrias de Gênero e na
Individuação das Mulheres" (Impacts of Bolsa Família on Family
Arrangements, Gender Asymmetries, and Women's Individuation), conducted
in the city of Recife in 2007-2008, show that there is no significant difference
in reproductive behavior between women living in families registered in the
Unified Registry, whether beneficiaries or not of the PBF. Although there is a
tendency for beneficiary families to have slightly higher fertility rates, as well