
Sociological romanticism: a criticism marked by resignation
Rev. Sem Aspas, Araraquara, v. 14, n. 00, e025011, 2025. e-ISSN: 2358-4238
DOI: 10.29373/sas.v14i00.19723 6
critical stance toward the triumph of merely formal rationality, toward the mechanical action
imposed by capitalism, and toward the atomization of the individual into partial functions. The
Romantic critique values the elimination of the “separation between the logic of everyday life
and work and any other free, creative activity of the spirit” (Safranski, 2010, p. 56, our
translation). The nostalgia for a virtuous and paradisiacal reality—a defining trait of
Romanticism—already appears in Schlegel, when he deepens his studies of Antiquity and
publishes, in 1795, his essay On the Study of Greek Poetry, which secured his recognition as
one of the leading scholars in the field among his contemporaries.
Schlegel was also the inventor of Romantic irony. Until then, irony had been a rhetorical
device or literary method, “situated somewhere between humor, mockery, and satire”
(Safranski, 2010, p. 59, our translation). Irony was already well known in the intellectual circles
of Antiquity and Modernity; what Schlegel (1970) did was to romanticize it, endowing it with
a relativistic meaning within a much broader perspective. Romantic irony, thus redefined,
becomes a critical device consisting in the production of intelligible statements that refer to
unintelligible contents, insofar as the Romantic notion of the unintelligible represents a living
force which, if fully unveiled by reason, would lose its creative power. Once again, a critique
of bourgeois revolutionary reason as expressed in the French Revolution emerges, since, in
Romantic language, “irony is at work when life in community is not understood as an
association directed toward a specific end, such as a work group or even a compulsory union”
(Safranski, 2010, p. 61, our translation). In a brief note, Schlegel (1970) addresses his readers’
complaints about the unintelligibility of his irony-filled fragments:
But is unintelligibility really something so reprehensible and bad? It seems to
me that the well-being of families and nations is founded upon it… Yes, the
most delightful thing human beings possess, inner satisfaction itself, depends,
as anyone can easily recognize, ultimately on some point that must remain
unknown; yet it carries and sustains the whole, and this force would be lost at
the very moment one attempted to clarify it by means of reason (Safranski,
2010, p. 60, our translation).
Finally, as we move toward the discussion of the hypothesis, it is important to emphasize
that the critique developed by the early Romantics regarding the effects of capitalism—the
Schlegel brothers (1970), Tieck (2012), Novalis (1978–1987), Schiller (2004), Schelling
(1985), and later Schleiermacher (2000)—reveals a clear sense of discontent. This discontent,
however, does not translate into a proposal to transcend capitalism. It must also be considered
that Romantic criticism still emerged within a period of revolutionary and creative
effervescence following the French Revolution, and that explicitly materialist forms of critique