
Fome zero: among dignity, citizenship and participation
Rev. Sem Aspas, Araraquara, v. 14, n. 00, e025009, 2025. e-ISSN: 2358-4238
DOI: 10.29373/sas.v14i00.19824 6
The Fome Zero Program: constitution and development
According to Peliano (2010), it is possible to historically trace food security policies in
Brazil back to the 1940s, with programs such as the Central Food Service and the Social
Security Food Service, which are fundamental to understanding anti-hunger actions in the
country. The second implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Program represents
another milestone in this historical trajectory, as it brought small-scale rural production to the
center of public policy initiatives. After 1990, however, the various anti-hunger programs
developed up to that point were limited or discontinued (Peliano, 2010).
It is in this context that, in 2003, the Fome Zero Program emerged as an initiative of the
Federal Government under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011), who, both during his
campaign and from the outset of his mandate, placed the issue of hunger at the center of his
agenda, as made explicit in his government program (Lula, 2002). Fome Zero initially began
as a program and, as its scope of action expanded, became consolidated as a broader strategy
that nationally integrated initiatives related to food production, supply, and access (Aranha,
2010).
Accordingly, the program’s target population, as noted by Tapajós, Rodrigues, and
Coelho (2010), initially focused on individuals living in poverty and extreme poverty, and
progressively expanded to include other socially vulnerable groups. The monitoring indicators
associated with Fome Zero are the standard social indicators typically observed: the Gini index,
poverty, extreme poverty, and child malnutrition (Aranha, 2010).
In this way, the program’s core pillars involve encouraging family farming and income
generation, contributing to the diversification of Fome Zero, which is dedicated not only to
eradicating hunger but also to reducing social inequality (Aranha, 2010). As argued by
Schwarcz (2019), inequality is a historical legacy of Brazilian society and is not limited to social
inequality alone, but also encompasses income, gender, and opportunity inequalities, all of
which hinder access to basic elements of survival, such as food.
In this sense, the Fome Zero Program also functions as a mechanism for social
assessment, as it addresses, on a national scale, the distinct needs of each region according to
family conditions and those of rural workers. To this end, federal, state, and municipal actors
were mobilized, resulting in improvements in social indicators related to poverty, food
insecurity, and malnutrition (Aranha, 2010).
In practical terms, Fome Zero actions also encompassed financing policies, such as the
expansion of the Bolsa Família Program and the Family Farming Financing Program; income