
Counterpoints about decolonial theory: in search of what was denied to the black man
Rev. Sem Aspas, Araraquara, v. 14, n. 00, e025012, 2025. e-ISSN: 2358-4238
DOI: 10.29373/sas.v14i00.19834 6
of decoloniality beyond the dimensions of power and knowledge. Engaging in a critical
dialogue with Martin Heidegger’s ontology, the author argues that coloniality also operates at
the level of lived experience, affecting the ontological constitution of colonized subjects.
According to Maldonado-Torres (2007), while the coloniality of power concerns modern forms
of exploitation and domination and the coloniality of knowledge relates to the role of
epistemology in reproducing colonial regimes of thought, the coloniality of being refers to the
profound marks left by colonization on existence, language, and the everyday experience of
subjects. It thus involves understanding how colonial domination produces dehumanized
subjects, ontologically inferiorized, whose very existence is permanently questioned or denied.
With regard to the distinction between the terms descolonialidade (decoloniality) and
decolonialidade (decoloniality), authors such as Miglievich-Ribeiro and Romera (2018) point
out that the former tends to be mobilized as a process of suppressing elements deemed
exogenous, with the aim of affirming an alleged cultural or epistemic purity. The perspective
adopted in this study, however, aligns with Quijano’s (1992a) understanding, which employs
the term decoloniality to indicate a critical, relational, and historical movement of confrontation
with coloniality, without the illusion of returning to an uncontaminated original state. From this
theoretical choice, four interdependent analytical dimensions can be outlined: the decoloniality
of thought, the decoloniality of political-ideological formation, the decoloniality of
sociogeographical structure, and ontological decoloniality.
Within this approach, the decoloniality of thought refers not only to the set of cultural
values shared by a social group, but also to its epistemology itself, constructed through
historical interactions with other groups, often in contexts of conflict and asymmetry. The term
feeling, within this theoretical framework, does not designate individual emotions, but rather
the capacity for recognizing belonging and collective identification. It is this set of values,
traditions, and symbolic references that guides what can or cannot be done, said, or socially
legitimized. For this reason, themes such as representation, representativeness,
multiculturalism, indigenism, and gender necessarily require political and moral debate, as they
do not constitute natural or universal givens of the human condition. Rather, they are historical
and social productions that organize regimes of visibility, recognition, and belonging, defining
specific ways of being, existing, and inhabiting the world. From this perspective, every
ideological formulation entails, by coexistence, a political dimension, insofar as systems of
values and meanings guide concrete practices of social organization. Thus, the establishment
or refusal of political alliances not only structures power relations but also directly intervenes