
Authorship of 19th-century women in Latin American social thought: the press as a strategy of self-representation
Rev. Sem Aspas, Araraquara, v. 14, n. 00, e025006, 2025. e-ISSN: 2358-4238
DOI: 10.29373/sas.v14i00.19862 4
The use of the press as a source for academic research became widespread from the
1980s onward (Luca, 2006), requiring its understanding as an active force in the constitution of
historical consciousness (Cruz; Peixoto, 2007), while taking into account editorial partialities
and multiple linkages with the political and social context (Samara; Tupy, 2007). Our analysis
prioritized the first issues of A Família (Azevedo, 1888) and A Mensageira (Almeida, 1987b),
a methodological delimitation conditioned by the proposed thematic unveiling and supported
by bibliographic review (Lima; Mioto, 2007), documentary research (Pádua, 2000), and content
analysis (Bardin, 2016). By investigating the historicity of this newspaper and magazine, we
understand them as agents (Cruz; Peixoto, 2007) of self-representation and of the struggle for
the emancipation of nineteenth-century Latin American women, situating them within the
transformations of their time.
We adopt a notion of women that implies a social and political construction interwoven
with social markers of difference such as race, class, sexuality, age, nationality, among others.
“Very provisionally, I would say that a woman is an individual whose subjectivation occurs
within norms and behaviors socially defined as feminine by the cultural context in which she is
situated, whether by accepting them or rebelling against them” (Funck, 2011, p. 67, emphasis
added, our translation).
The foundational stage of Latin American social thought (Zea, 1976; Marini, 1994;
Martins, 2006), characterized by an androcentric bias and circumscribed by the independence
processes from Spanish, French, and Portuguese colonialism between the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries (Zea, 1964; Ansaldi; Giordano, 2012), rendered invisible
3
the
contributions of nineteenth-century Latin American women thinkers (Ruano-Ibarra; Resende,
2022b). The transition from colonies to nations generated an intellectual production devoted to
understanding the specific challenges of this social reality, representing the emergence of a field
that would be institutionalized in the following century as Latin American social thought (Zea,
1964; Ansaldi; Giordano, 2012). For Ianni (2000), this thought constitutes a process that does
not become fixed, as it is influenced by the interplay of social forces and is constantly seeking
3
We adopt the terms thinkers, authors, and writers as interchangeable descriptors of authorship in various
professions and trades, mainly teaching, literature, music, theater, and political activism. The term writer breaks
with the hierarchy between the categories of poet and novelist, among others, which reflect disputes in the
nineteenth-century literary field (Infante Vargas, 2008) and implicit violence marked by different coefficients of
power (Ruano-Ibarra; Resende, 2022b). The word authorship carries semantic heritage and requires updating,
according to Pires and Lima (2020), in light of the developments of cognitive capitalism, such as data sharing on
the internet and free access to intangible goods. The term authors legitimizes the enunciation and social function
of this intellectual production, carried out by these nineteenth-century women, despite their epistemic
subordination (Ruano-Ibarra; Resende, 2022b, 2023).