Plataformas digitais e leis antitruste
análise dos riscos a concorrência nos BRICS utilizando dados do global digital antitrust database
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64997/2358-5951-19970Palavras-chave:
Matchmakers, Economia de plataforma, Direito à concorrênciaResumo
Autoridades de concorrência em diferentes países têm conduzido investigações e tentativas de reforma de marcos regulatórios para evitar o poder monopolista das plataformas. Entre esses esforços destaca-se a cooperação entre países do grupo BRICS — originalmente Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul — e que passou por um processo de ampliação nos últimos anos. Para os fins deste estudo, foram considerados alguns dos novos integrantes, como Egito, Emirados Árabes Unidos e Arábia Saudita. Esta pesquisa tem um duplo propósito: identificar as práticas de truste empregadas por plataformas digitais nos países do BRICS e avaliar se as autoridades antitruste desses países responderam às ameaças à concorrência. Usamos o banco de dados global do Banco Mundial de ações antitruste relacionadas a plataformas digitais para atingir esses objetivos. Nossos resultados mostraram que a maioria das práticas de truste perpetradas por plataformas digitais está relacionada a fusões e aquisições, especialmente nos setores de comércio eletrônico, transporte de passageiros e entrega de alimentos. Apesar disso, foi principalmente na China e na Rússia que observamos medidas mais contundentes, como aplicação de multas e/ou interrupção de práticas anticompetitivas por plataformas digitais. Índia e África do Sul também adotaram ações regulatórias, embora em menor escala e com menor frequência. Os demais países do BRICS não fizeram o mesmo.
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