Derivational-semantic transformation of auditory perception verbs in typologically distant languages

Abstract

The article considers the  verbs of auditory perception of two typologically distant languages (Russian and Tatar), the morphological structure of which has distinct differences. The purpose of the research is to identify and describe the facts of derivational-semantic transformation of verbs slyshat' / slushat', ishetü / tıñlau (to hear / to listen ) in the aspect of their structural-semantic and functional properties. It was established that the most important content feature of the lexical-semantic group of auditory verbs in both languages is considered to be a sign of the direction of action, relevant for some lexical units and irrelevant for others. Comparative analysis of correlative word-formation nests of auditory perception verbs has revealed similarities and differences in the processes of derivational development and word-formation marking. The different quantitative composition of derived words is explained by the restrictions that determine the compatibility of generating bases with formants, as well as the ways of transformation of basic verbs. During this transformation, both perceptual and mental components of meaning are updated in both languages. Complex and composite Tatar verbs, which motivating base is the words tıñlau (slushat') and ishetü (slyshat'), do not have formal structural analogues in the Russian language, which is the reason for the interlanguage word-formation asymmetry. This disparity is formed by other types of Tatar equivalents: non-derived verbs, phrases, and descriptive constructions. It is proved that the nominative technique of the Russian and Tatar languages in the process of verbalization of auditory perception has its own specificity. It is due to both their grammatical structure and the ethnic nature of the nomination processes